Geological investigation in Sztum (Stuhm) area – historical review and actual state

Abstract

Sonntag published in 1919 a general overview of the geological knowledge in Western Prussia region. At least Paul Woldstedt concluded in the early 1944 all the results of the surface mapping campaign of German geologists in a unpublished general geological map of East Prussia region in scale 1:300 000 and published a general overview about the surface geology in 1942. After the 1945 main studies in this area was made mainly by Aurelia Makowska (1979, 1986, 1989, 1990, 2004a, b, 2009). She recognized between Saalian and Vistulian (Weichselian) tills two marine sequence episodes – so called “Sztum” (older) and “Tychnowy” (younger) sea. Recent investigation (Marks et al. 2014) indicate that only the younger transgression in Poland have been investigated in detail and there is no doubt about its Eemian age. Lower marine series could be either connected with the pre-Eemian interglacial (Marks 2005) or it has been considered as an effect of glaciotectonic deformation (Marks et al. 2014).