2017, volume 11, issue 1

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/1253

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Przeglądanie 2017, volume 11, issue 1 według Tytuł

  • Rekord
    Animal tuberculosis as a potential danger to men
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Krajewska, Monika ; Weiner, Marcin ; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa
    Tuberculosis (latin: tuberculosis) is an infectious disease which affects man and many species of animals. The aetiological factor of tuberculosis are bacillus which belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) while their host preferences, gene sequence and the level of drug resistance can differ. MTBC constitute a morphologically and biochemically homogeneous group of bacteria which mainly spreads through the aerogenic channel on small, dry particles of phlegm called droplet nuclei which are discharged while infected people or animals cough. Infection occurs after predisposed individual inhales into his or her lungs the bacilli, where they easily multiply in the soft lungs tissue and cause infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified bovine tuberculosis (bTB) as direct zoonosis, in which case the transmission of disease is possible without the indirect host’s involvement. Moreover, bTB is the best example of anthroponosis, when the disease is transferred from animal to men. The possibility of dividing the strains of animal bacillus into the two genres: M. bovis and M. caprae raises some significant legal concerns in Europe since in many of its countries, including among others Poland, caprae is not considered to be an etiological factor of bTB.
  • Rekord
    Exposure to ticks and preventive actions in the scope of Lyme disease among young people from the northern part of Lublin Province (Eastern Poland)
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Pańczuk, Anna ; Kozioł-Montewka, Maria
    Background. The ticks are the main vector of pathogens of infectious diseases both for people and animals. At present, tick-borne infections spread in the entire Europe. Lyme disease dominates among diseases spreading through ticks. The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of exposures to ticks of the subjected young people, applied ways of removing the ticks and the frequency of using the selected methods of Lyme disease prevention. Material and methods. The study involved 1150 people from the northern part of Lublin province (eastern Poland) at the age between15-20 years. The research tool applied was authors’ own survey questionnaire. Results. Over half of the surveyed young people (58.9%) stated that they had been bitten by ticks before (mostly people who live in the rural areas). Most frequently, the ticks were removed by wringing with tweezers (24.5%), grasping with fingers and tearing out (21.7%) and with tweezers with a swift, steady movement (21.6%). Over half of the surveyed (57.4%) stated that they do not use repellents against ticks while staying on the green areas, and 33.2% of the surveyed rarely use them. 18.3% of the surveyed do not examine the body after the return from the green areas and 34.8% rarely do it. The surveyed who had been bitten by ticks (especially several times) claimed that they more often use the analysed methods of prevention. Conclusions. Among the examined young people the risk of being bitten by ticks has been revealed and the risk is significantly greater among people who live in the rural areas. The ticks attached to skin were often removed improperly. The frequency of using the prevention against Lyme disease is insufficient. The increase of the range of its usage, as well as the promotion of the right method of removing ticks requires educational activities in the society.
  • Rekord
    Health 2020 and action plan for public health – new understanding of public health
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Karwowska, Paulina ; Gryko, Weronika
    One of the key messages of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the assumption that the health of all people, achieving peace and security all over the world and attaining the highest possible level of health are among the most fundamental human rights. This idea accompanied the creation of WHO in 1948 and was the result of over a century-long history of operations conducted by many other international organizations, which to a lesser or greater extent adopted the goal of improving health, reaching beyond the territory of one country [1]. The basic tasks of the Organization are primarily the planning and coordination of activities in all areas of health, directing research, setting norms and standards, offering the option of health policies based on knowledge and scientific evidence and direct assistance and cooperation with the member states. The support for countries in their preparations for the creation of a policy framework and strategies for health plays a key role. The measures for the development of common guidelines for these policies gained pace particularly in the 70s of the twentieth century, when the realization of the fundamental assumptions of WHO, stipulating the achievement of the highest attainable standard of health by all, was still a considerable distant vision. In the face of such a challenge, WHO and the member states decided to develop a framework for translating the vision of universal health for people into specific strategies and policies. This process began in 1977, when WHO and member states commenced work on the strategy “Health for All” by the year 2000 [2].
  • Rekord
    In search of the assessment of the physical activity level of the youth with the use of the IPAQ
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Wasilewska, Małgorzata
    Background. Keeping track of the research on the physical activity of young people from different countries allows for making its assessment objective, particularly when using the same questionnaire (IPAQ). Material and method. The study presents data on the level of physical activity of young people using the IPAQ questionnaire in a short and long form. Research results were sourced from 8 electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, ArXiv, IEEE, CiteSeer, SPORTDiscus, Health Source- Nursing/Academic Edition, Academic Search Complete, MasterFILE Premier for 2008-2016 which referred to the studies from Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Lithuania, Spain, Croatia, Greece, selected European countries and Mexico. Results. Significantly higher values expressed in MET-min./week were shown in the IPAQ questionnaire in a long than in short form. Most research results with higher physical activity of boys than girls were also confirmed. Conclusions. Large discrepancies in the data on the level of physical activity of young people from different countries should serve as indication for a better preparation of those conducting research with this questionnaire.
  • Rekord
    Knowledge of nursing students about the transmission and prevention of infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus in women during pregnancy
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Eliášová, Anna ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Laskowski, Karol ; Pawłowicz, Ewa ; Fiedrouk, Marta ; Magurová, Dagmara ; Mikuľáková, Wioletta
    Background. The knowledge about the prevention of infections with TORCH pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus, combined with the proper involvement in health educator’s work may affect the creation of the correct attitudes and health promoting habits. Study objective - the evaluation of knowledge of nursing students of the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska (Poland) and the University of Prešov (Slovakia) about the transmission routes and prevention of infections caused by T. gondii, Rubella virus and CMV in women during pregnancy. Material and methods. The study group included 158 nursing students from the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, and 240 students from the University of Prešov. An original questionnaire was used; it contained closed questions regarding the specific TORCH pathogens. Results. Correct answers to the question regarding the route of infection with T. gondii were provided by 43.5% of respondents from both universities; 42.5% knew the route of foetal infection with T. gondii, whereas 79.9% knew the methods to diagnose toxoplasmosis. Respondents knew consequences of infections caused by Rubella virus to the foetus (79.4%). Students of the State School of Higher Education (90.5%) and students of the University of Prešov (44.6%) were aware of the importance of rubella vaccination as a method of prevention of infection with Rubella virus. Conclusions. Nursing students are familiar with the methods used in the diagnostics of toxoplasmosis and the consequences for the foetus resulting from infections with Rubella virus. However, the awareness regarding the transmission routes of T. gondii and prevention of infections caused by Rubella virus and CMV was insufficient.
  • Rekord
    Organic pollution of water and human health
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Pawłowicz, Ewa Teresa
    The issue of human health should be considered in correlation with monitoring and protection of environment we live in, because of the increase of pollution of anthropogenic origin and the increase of health risk. Health risk caused by water pollutants with chemical compounds, including toxic micropollutants is not fully assessed, since chemical pollutants cause undesirable health effects after a long-term exposition. Therefore, it is very important to choose the methodology of research for wider spectrum of pollution, especially organic, that can pose a threat to human health, and can be detected in environmental samples. On the basis of the review of existing eco-analytical research chromatographic methods in water analysis were selected, especially high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) with mass detection in GC/MS, HPLC/MS techniques. Non-target analysis revealed a high diversity in water chemical composition and a wider spectrum of organic contaminants comprising pharmaceuticals, technical additives, personal care products and pesticides. Some of the identified compounds are known as pollutants whereas some of these substances are so far unregistered contaminants. Although it was reported that the application of some of the identified compounds has been banned or restricted (e.g. lindane), the analyses showed that they can still be found in the environment. The study presented not only a comprehensive view on the state of pollution in studied waters, but also the eco-analytic methods and research results of the study may serve as the basis for widening the monitoring of environment. Persistent organic pollution is a threat to human life to different degrees and it has not been yet fully examined. Therefore, in order to protect human health it is necessary to develop chemical trace analysis – eco analysis in complex monitoring and protection of environment we live in.
  • Rekord
    Variables differentiating positive health profiles and survival abilities among Ukrainian students attending Post-Secondary Medical School
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Tsos, Anatolii ; Bergier, Józef ; Tomczyszyn, Dorota
    Background. Contemporary studies of health and evaluation attempts emphasize the holistic approach to health and its dimensions. The objective of the study was determination of health profiles and survival abilities among adolescents, and indicate differentiating variables. Material and methods. A diagnostic survey was used based on Kalina, investigating the subjective sense of health from the aspects of somatic, mental, social health and survival abilities. SPHSA was calculated as the arithmetic mean of individual health and total health measures. The study was conducted in 2014, in a group of 507 school adolescents aged 15-25 attending Medical Post-Secondary School in Lutsk, Ukraine. Results. Social health was evaluated by the adolescents in the most positive terms – 3.82 (±0.67), whereas survival abilities – in the most negative terms, 2.63(±0.75). In the domain of total health, the highest values occurred for daily physical activity – 3.10(±0.35), while the lowest – for occasional activity – 2.78 (±0.35). Similarly, significant differences were found between adolescents of the final, fourth year of school (2.82±0.73), and younger students. Significant correlations were demonstrated (p<0.05) in individual health profiles. With regard to survival capability, such correlation was observed in adolescents engaged in daily physical activity and students from big cities. In the somatic health profile it was observed in overweight adolescents and those who showed systematic physical activity and in the survival capability profile of adolescents pursuing systematic physical activity. With regard to the social health profile a significantly higher value occurred in first-year students and those with the highest educational achievements. Conclusions. The results of the study obtained should be used in discussions concerning educational programmes for students of paramedical specialties in the Ukraine.