Artykuły naukowe (WNZ)

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/49

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  • Rekord
    The incidence of diabetes complications in elderly patients under the community nursing care
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Wróblewska, Izabela ; Dziechciaż, Małgorzata ; Oleśniewicz, Piotr ; Wróblewska, Zuzanna ; Talarska, Dorota ; Zagórski, Jerzy
    Medical documentation of 4680 patients of an individual nursing practice in Jarosław, Poland, was analyzed statistically. The inclusion criteria of the conducted research were patients age ≥60 years with type 2 diabetes diagnosed by a physician. The study patients were selected with the use of a diagnostic survey method, the authors’ own questionnaire, and medical documentation analysis. As a result, the study involved 170 patients. The chi-square test of independence and the Mann-Whitney test were applied to verify the differences between the variables. The majority of the studied patients were women (61.1%), in the 71–80 age group (57.6%). Irrespective of gender, diabetes was most often diagnosed in people in early senility, aged 60–70 years (62.9%). Most of the respondents received oral medications (59.4%); had a large waist circumference (92.9%), as well as high body mass index (95.3%). In the majority of the elderly, no hypoglycaemia (83.0%) or hyperglycaemia (77.6%) were recognized. However, numerous complications were diagnosed, namely dyslipidaemia (85.9%), hypertension (81.8%), macroangiopathy (90.0%), microangiopathy (71.2%), and ophthalmological diseases (25.9%). Most diabetics suffer from overweight or obesity, and long-term diabetes complications. Analyzing the incidence of diabetes and its complications should help to outline further actions that need to be taken to diagnose and prevent the disease in order to detect its complications early and prolong the patients’ survival as well as raise their quality of life.
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    The activity of agritourism farms in Podlaskie Voivodeship in the opinions of their owners / Działalność gospodarstw agroturystycznych w województwie podlaskim w opinii ich właścicieli
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Sokół, Janusz Leszek
    Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this study was to analyse and evaluate the operation of argritourism farms in Podlaskie Voivodeship (voivodeship is an equivalent of province in Polish administration), conducted with regard to their structure and market functioning, and the possibility of using the advisory and financial support existing in the region. Materials and methods: The research had a survey form and was conducted in the second half of 2014 on a sample of 120 agritourism farms, which constitutes more than 13% of all entities in Podlaskie Voivodeship. Results: Most of the agritourism farms in the Podlaskie Voivodeship are ones that do not exceed the area of 5 hectares. They are focused on hosting individual guests and families with little children. The majority of farm owners do not have adequate experience in providing agritourism services. The activity of agritourism farms is based primarily on the proprietary capital. Conclusions: Better education and more complete information about the possibilities and ways of obtaining financial support seem to be the key to a more dynamic and efficient development of agritourism in the rural areas of Podlaskie Voivodeship.
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    Stres w środowisku pracy strażaków
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Oskwarek, Piotr Paweł ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata
    Wstęp. Celem pracy było określenie źródeł stresu zawodowego w opinii strażaków, analiza sposobów radzenia sobie z nim oraz analiza rodzaju deklarowanych symptomów zdrowotnych występujących w związku ze stresem zawodowym. Materiał i metody. Grupę badaną stanowiło 110 strażaków Podziału Bojowego Komendy Miejskiej Państwowej Straży Pożarnej w Białej Podlaskiej. Badania przeprowadzono na przełomie roku 2014/2015, zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego i autorski kwestionariusz ankiety. Wyniki. 22% ankietowanych strażaków deklaruje, że nie odczuwa stresu podczas wykonywania czynności związanych z wykonywanym zawodem. Największym źródłem stresu dla ankietowanych była odpowiedzialność za życie osób ratowanych (38%) i presja czasu w podejmowaniu decyzji (25%). Deklarowano zdrowotne symptomy stresu: przyspieszony oddech, tętno, podwyższone ciśnienie (25,5%), rozdrażnienie (22,6%), zmęczenie (22,6%); 18,2% ankietowanych korzystało z pomocy psychologa, z zasadami systemu pomocy psychologicznej w Państwowej Straży Pożarnej zapoznało się 69,1% ankietowanych. Wnioski. Konieczne jest podniesienie świadomości strażaków w zakresie istotności pomocy psychologicznej w kwestii radzenia sobie ze stresem towarzyszącym pracy.
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    Ocena możliwości rozwoju turystyki w gminie Łuków
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Kozak, Agnieszka ; Mączka, Dorota
    Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie możliwości rozwoju turystyki w gminie Łuków oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy można uznać, że na tym obszarze istnieje szansa na rozwój turystyki? Celem pracy jest również ocena potencjału turystycznego gminy Łuków i okolic na podstawie opinii mieszkańców, osób odwiedzających omawiany teren a także na podstawie analizy SWOT. W celu oceny potencjału turystycznego gminy Łuków posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego wspartą kwestionariuszem ankiety. Badania przeprowadzono w 2014 roku na terenie Gminy Łuków. Badaniem objęto 50 osób. Respondentami byli mieszkańcy oraz osoby przyjezdne. W badaniach wykorzystana została również analiza SWOT. Z uzyskanych danych wynika, że gmina Łuków posiada znaczny potencjał turystyczny, przejawiający się przede wszystkim w bogactwie walorów przyrodniczych, historycznych oraz kulturowych. Ponadto gmina posiada dobre położenie komunikacyjne oraz dysponuje dobrze rozwiniętą bazą gastronomiczną i noclegową. Odczuwalny jest jednak brak promocji, inicjatyw władz wspierających rozwój turystyki oraz brak wizerunku turystycznego obszaru.
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    Knowledge of primary health care nurses on providing first aid in life-threatening emergencies
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Nosal, Grzegorz ; Dziendzielski, Łukasz ; Zalewski, Jakub ; Zagórski, Jerzy ; Wróblewska, Izabela
    Introduction. A primary health care nurse is equipped with skills obtained during primary education (1st degree studies), which can be additionally widened owing to post-graduate education. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of nurses working in primary health care centres in Opole, Poland, with reference to providing first aid in life-threatening emergencies occurring outside their working place. Materials and methods. In the quantitative studies carried out in 2015, the method of a diagnostic poll was applied. It consisted in performing the authors’ own test referring to knowledge on providing first aid. The research comprised 45 nurses in 11 primary health care centres in Opole, Poland. Results. The responders presented a medium level of knowledge concerning basic life support and automatic external defibrillation (54%) as well as providing help to a non-breathing child (55%). As few as 1/3 of the responders knew how to proceed in a communication accident, and 1/4 did not have verify their skills after graduation through taking part in post-graduate education. The total of 40% of the responders had provided first aid in life-threatening emergencies occurring outside their working place. Conclusions. The level of post-graduate education should be raised along with the number of regular training sessions in the working place with reference to providing first aid in life-threatening emergencies.
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    Variables differentiating positive health profiles and survival abilities among Ukrainian students attending Post-Secondary Medical School
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Tsos, Anatolii ; Bergier, Józef ; Tomczyszyn, Dorota
    Background. Contemporary studies of health and evaluation attempts emphasize the holistic approach to health and its dimensions. The objective of the study was determination of health profiles and survival abilities among adolescents, and indicate differentiating variables. Material and methods. A diagnostic survey was used based on Kalina, investigating the subjective sense of health from the aspects of somatic, mental, social health and survival abilities. SPHSA was calculated as the arithmetic mean of individual health and total health measures. The study was conducted in 2014, in a group of 507 school adolescents aged 15-25 attending Medical Post-Secondary School in Lutsk, Ukraine. Results. Social health was evaluated by the adolescents in the most positive terms – 3.82 (±0.67), whereas survival abilities – in the most negative terms, 2.63(±0.75). In the domain of total health, the highest values occurred for daily physical activity – 3.10(±0.35), while the lowest – for occasional activity – 2.78 (±0.35). Similarly, significant differences were found between adolescents of the final, fourth year of school (2.82±0.73), and younger students. Significant correlations were demonstrated (p<0.05) in individual health profiles. With regard to survival capability, such correlation was observed in adolescents engaged in daily physical activity and students from big cities. In the somatic health profile it was observed in overweight adolescents and those who showed systematic physical activity and in the survival capability profile of adolescents pursuing systematic physical activity. With regard to the social health profile a significantly higher value occurred in first-year students and those with the highest educational achievements. Conclusions. The results of the study obtained should be used in discussions concerning educational programmes for students of paramedical specialties in the Ukraine.
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    Knowledge of nursing students about the transmission and prevention of infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus in women during pregnancy
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Eliášová, Anna ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Laskowski, Karol ; Pawłowicz, Ewa ; Fiedrouk, Marta ; Magurová, Dagmara ; Mikuľáková, Wioletta
    Background. The knowledge about the prevention of infections with TORCH pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus, combined with the proper involvement in health educator’s work may affect the creation of the correct attitudes and health promoting habits. Study objective - the evaluation of knowledge of nursing students of the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska (Poland) and the University of Prešov (Slovakia) about the transmission routes and prevention of infections caused by T. gondii, Rubella virus and CMV in women during pregnancy. Material and methods. The study group included 158 nursing students from the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, and 240 students from the University of Prešov. An original questionnaire was used; it contained closed questions regarding the specific TORCH pathogens. Results. Correct answers to the question regarding the route of infection with T. gondii were provided by 43.5% of respondents from both universities; 42.5% knew the route of foetal infection with T. gondii, whereas 79.9% knew the methods to diagnose toxoplasmosis. Respondents knew consequences of infections caused by Rubella virus to the foetus (79.4%). Students of the State School of Higher Education (90.5%) and students of the University of Prešov (44.6%) were aware of the importance of rubella vaccination as a method of prevention of infection with Rubella virus. Conclusions. Nursing students are familiar with the methods used in the diagnostics of toxoplasmosis and the consequences for the foetus resulting from infections with Rubella virus. However, the awareness regarding the transmission routes of T. gondii and prevention of infections caused by Rubella virus and CMV was insufficient.
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    Animal tuberculosis as a potential danger to men
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Krajewska, Monika ; Weiner, Marcin ; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa
    Tuberculosis (latin: tuberculosis) is an infectious disease which affects man and many species of animals. The aetiological factor of tuberculosis are bacillus which belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) while their host preferences, gene sequence and the level of drug resistance can differ. MTBC constitute a morphologically and biochemically homogeneous group of bacteria which mainly spreads through the aerogenic channel on small, dry particles of phlegm called droplet nuclei which are discharged while infected people or animals cough. Infection occurs after predisposed individual inhales into his or her lungs the bacilli, where they easily multiply in the soft lungs tissue and cause infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified bovine tuberculosis (bTB) as direct zoonosis, in which case the transmission of disease is possible without the indirect host’s involvement. Moreover, bTB is the best example of anthroponosis, when the disease is transferred from animal to men. The possibility of dividing the strains of animal bacillus into the two genres: M. bovis and M. caprae raises some significant legal concerns in Europe since in many of its countries, including among others Poland, caprae is not considered to be an etiological factor of bTB.
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    Legionella spp. in selected public utility buildings in Poland in 2009- 2013
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Shpakou, Andrei ; Gładysz, Iwona ; Sikora, Agnieszka ; Wójtowicz-Bobin, Małgorzata ; Kozioł-Montewka, Maria
    Background. Civilizational changes, including urbanisation and industrialisation, created the conditions for the development of new pathogens colonising water networks which endanger human health and life. The aim of the study was to assess the contamination of water supply systems in public buildings by Legionella spp. a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria. Material and methods. The material samples were taken from the hot water supply systems of 41 buildings: school dormitories, boarding schools, educational centres, student dormitories. Results. In all analysed years, there were samples in which the applicable standards were exceeded, as specified by the regulation on the quality of water intended for human consumption. The highest percentage of negative samples was found in 2012, with as many as 81.1%, and the lowest one in 2011 − 35.3%. Positive samples obtained in the first and subsequent tests were detected in 20.0% of the tested facilities. The change from positive to negative values was found in 30.0% of the tested water networks. There were also cases of negative samples both in the first and subsequent tests, which was detected in 50.0% of the facilities. Conclusions. 1. An excessive amount of the officially permissible value of Legionella was found in 53.9% of the examined hot water samples. 2. The obtained results confirm the necessity of modernising and doing elementary repairs in water supply networks.
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    Health and nutritional behavior of a selected group of south-eastern Poland patients: a pilot study
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Domański, Maciej ; Domańska, Anna ; Chęcińska-Maciejewska, Zuzanna ; Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, Sabina ; Żukiewicz-Sobczak, Wioletta ; Weiner, Marcin
    Background. The growing number of people with excess body weight is one of the most important global health issues. The increase in the number of people with excess weight and obesity leads to a shortened life expectancy. Material and methods. The aim of this pilot study was to use a questionnaire survey to determine the lifestyle of the people in a group of 84 Polish patients from south-eastern Poland, including diet, physical activity, and health. The pilot studies were carried out from December 2021 to January 2022 in a family doctor’s clinic among people in search of advice, who willingly volunteered themselves for the study. Results. The results of the study showed that 33% of women and 44% of men have excess body weight. Economic status statistically significantly affects the incidence of overweight and obesity. However, the level of education does not have a statistically significant effect on body weight. The irregularity of meals among the respondents was often explained by irregular work and many responsibilities. Our research also showed a low physical activity of the studied population. Conclusions. Improper nutrition combined with other anti-health behaviors make it significant to introduce intensive health education programs.
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    Epidemiological situation of Lyme borreliosis in the Polish-Belarusian borderland in the years 2012-2016 (Podlasie Province and Grodno Region)
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Sovkich, Aleksandra Leonidovna ; Pańczuk, Anna ; Kozioł-Montewka, Maria ; Tsyrkunov, Vladimir Maksimovich ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Hutko, Alla Richardovna
    Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and the number of reported cases is constantly rising. An increase in morbidity can be observed both in Poland and Belarus; however, the recorded rates are much higher in Poland. The aim of the article was to analyze the epidemiological situation of Lyme borrelosis in neighbouring territories in the Polish-Belarusian borderland: Grodno Region and Podlasie Province in the years 2012-2016. Differences in the recorded incidence of Lyme borreliosis in the analyzed territories were higher than those noted as national indicators in each consecutive year of the analyzed fiveyear period. In 2016, the incidence rate in Grodno Region was 25.0/100,000 inhabitants, while in Podlasie Province it was over 5 times higher (134.9/100,000 inhabitants). A detailed analysis of the rates in particular districts of the analyzed territories showed that the areas in Podlasie Province directly adjacent to Grodno Region are characterized by high Lyme borreliosis incidence rates, whereas those in Grodno Region bordering with Podlasie Province generally recorded rates close to the indicator for the whole region. Understanding the big differences in the recorded incidence of LB in the neighbouring Polish-Belarusian border areas requires further detailed analyses in order to identify the factors influencing such a situation.
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    Awareness of tick-borne bacterial infection in the students of nonmedical universities in Ternopil region (western Ukraine)
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Nykytyuk, Svitlana ; Pańczuk, Anna ; Shkilna, Mariia ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Szepeluk, Adam ; Melnyk, Larysa ; Korda, Mykhailo
    Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness of Lyme borreliosis prevention and exposure to ticks in non-medical students of 2 universities in Ternopil Region (Western Ukraine). Material and methods. The study was conducted by surveying 252 young persons studying at non-medical universities in Ternopil (Western Ukraine): 119 students of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University (TNPU) and 133 of Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (TNTU), aged 18-23 years old. All the participants completed а questionnaire. Results. The students of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University (TNPU) and Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (TNTU), Ternopil, understand that the risk of being infected with Lyme borreliosis does not only appear in forests, but also in gardens, parks, and countryside. Still, 16.5% of the students of both Ternopil universities showed very low awareness about Lyme borreliosis. Most TNPU respondents in the study group (40.7%) were bitten by a tick in the abdomen area; 31.3% of the TNTU students declared being bitten in lower limbs. Students of both universities recorded the fewest bites in the chest area (7.1% in TNTU and 13.0% in TNPU respectively). As for the most frequent methods of tick removal, 71.4% of the respondents lubricated it with fat (e.g. butter, oil) and 42.0% twisted it out with tweezers. Conclusions. Education towards proper methods of tick removal, prevention of tick bites (clothes, repellents) should become an important element of protection measures in students in the regions of high Lyme borreliosis frequency, including Ternopil.
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    Potrzeby zdrowotne realizowane przez aktywność fizyczną osób starszych
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03) Kubińska, Zofia ; Pańczuk, Anna
    Wstęp. W latach 90. eksperci stwierdzili, że w strategii zdrowia publicznego zwiększenie aktywności fizycznej społeczeństwa jest równie istotne jak leczenie nadciśnienia tętniczego, zaburzeń przemiany lipidowej czy walka z nałogiem palenia tytoniu (Drygas, Jagier, 2003). Celem pracy było przedstawienie rodzajów potrzeb zdrowotnych osób starszych zaspokajanych przez podejmowaną aktywność fizyczną z uwzględnieniem stopnia ich realizacji. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w 2016 roku wśród mieszkańców powiatu bialskiego i okolic (północna część województwa lubelskiego). Przebadano 221 osób w wieku 60- 90 lat. Wśród badanych przeważały kobiety (65,6%) oraz mieszkańcy wsi (56,9%). W pracy zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety. Wyniki. Najliczniejsza grupa badanych seniorów wskazała, iż przez podejmowaną aktywność fizyczną realizuje potrzeby prorodzinne (92,3%), profilaktyczne (91,9%), ruchu (89,1%) oraz antyinwolucyjne i aktywności turystycznej (po 88,7%). Najmniej liczna grupa badanych realizuje potrzeby aktywnej niepełnosprawności (69,2%) oraz rehabilitacyjne (77,8%). Wnioski. Badani seniorzy, przez aktywność fizyczną, realizowali wszystkie analizowane potrzeby zdrowotne. Najliczniejsza grupa realizowała potrzeby prorodzinne, profilaktyczne, ruchu, antyinwolucyjne oraz aktywności turystycznej. W największym stopniu zaspokajane były potrzeby prorodzinne, profilaktyczne oraz ruchu, natomiast w najmniejszym potrzeby aktywnej niepełnosprawności i rekreacji ruchowej.
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    Sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in a specific region of Ukraine 30 years after Chernobyl disaster
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Ślifirczyk, Anna ; Potupalova, Tatiana ; Slobodian, Volodymyr
    Background. The study aimed to determine the effect of iodine deficiency and increased radiation on morbidity of thyroid cancer in patients living in the Ternopil region of Ukraine. The task was solved by comparing the patients with thyroid cancer from the district areas with iodine deficiency and increased radiation with those coming from the regions with normal iodine content and a normal radioactive background. Material and methods. The area of the Ternopil region was divided into the following 1) the northern area, with sufficient iodine content in food, radiation background – 0.09 mcSv/h; 2) the central and western areas, endemic in terms of iodine content and increased background radiation (up to 0.13 mcSv/h); and 3) the southern area, with sufficient iodine but increased background radiation (up to 0.15 mcSv/h). To conduct the analysis and determine the sickness rate, the patients were grouped depending on sex and age. Results. The sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in males in 2016 were 4-6 times lower when compared to females in all areas. The sickness rate of the females in the areas with increased radiation turned out to be age-dependent with a 1.25-3.2 times increase when compared to the areas with normal conditions. In the areas of the increased background radiation and dietary iodine insufficiency, the sickness rate of females was 1.54-5.4 times higher than the index in the areas with normal conditions. Conclusions. The highest rates prevalence and sickness rate of thyroid cancer in Ternopil region of Ukraine were observed in women over 51 years. The prevalence was 2 times, and the sickness rate 3 times higher in women over 51 years in the areas with iodine deficiency and an increased radiation background when compared to those in the areas with normal iodine and radiation background.
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    Physical activity in students from the Visegrad countries by BMI status
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Junger, Jan ; Frömel, Karel ; Bergier, Józef ; Ács, Pongrác ; Bergier, Barbara ; Salonna, Ferdinand ; Niźnikowska, Ewelina
    Background. This study aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) in undergraduate university students of three fields of study from the four Visegrad Group countries – Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary. Material and methods. The research was conducted in 2015 on adolescent undergraduate university student populations in three fields of study – humanities, medical, and technical sciences. The sample included 2,484 students in total. The data was collected using the extended version of the standardised International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Students completed the questionnaire via the INDARES online system. Results. The results confirmed significant differences in PA between sexes in favour of males both in its overall manifestation and in the individual levels of PA intensity (p<0.05). The comparison of the four countries revealed significant differences in PA in males and females in all PA domains (p<0.05). The evaluation of the total BMI, as well as the one measured in individual countries confirmed a significant difference between sexes in favour of males (p<0.05). The study of the relationship between PA and BMI did not reveal a statistically significant dependence in any of the tested domains. This conclusion applies both to males and females. Conclusions. Males are generally more physically active than females overall and in individual fields of study. Also, males exhibit higher BMI in all the studied categories. No significant relation between PA intensity and volume and BMI was found in either sex.
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    Effects of high-carbohydrate products consumption on postprandial glycemia in runners
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Czaja, Jakub ; Stachowicz, Marta ; Lebiedzińska, Anna
    Background. Running causes that people become more and more willing to engage in physical activity. It is an valid exercise that significantly decreases postprandial glycemia. The higher the training load, the more important it is to complement nutrients necessary for organism regeneration. Modern food industry provides many products that can help in resynthesis of muscle glycogen. The study presents a mutual correlation between consuming high-carbohydrate products with and without having exercise afterwards and the shape of the blood glucose curve. Material and methods. Nine healthy and hard training male adult athletes participated in 2-part (P1 and P2) research: P1 with, and P2 without run. After the run, the athletes had a specified meal, after which capillary blood glucose test was taken for P1 before the run and for both groups 2-3 min, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the meal. Results. The comparison of the area under the curve (AUC ) at rest and after 1 hr run showed statistically significant variations after every 30 minutes period and in the overall AUC . The smallest AUC occurred after consuming chips and spinach pasta and the highest after potatoes, white and brown rice. Conclusions. Physical activity does not change the way glucose is released into the blood, but it lowers postprandial glycemia, especially after 30-90 minutes after training completion. This study indicates that consuming potatoes and rice leads to the highest rate of muscle glucose uptake and further faster glycogen re-synthesis after the run. Accordingly, these products can be a good choice for athletes having a short break between training bouts.
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    Physical activity assessment tools in monitoring physical activity: the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) or accelerometers – choosing the best tools
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Stelmach, Marian
    Assessing physical activity in epidemiological studies is a severe challenge for researchers, whose overriding aim is to obtain accurate, truthful and reliable data on the level of physical activity in different population groups. Presently, both objective and subjective measurement methods are used. The tools used in objective methods are usually pedometers and accelerometers, while in subjective are used questionnaires conducted and run either as self-reported or by a trained interviewer. At the end of the 1990s, experts in the field of epidemiology of physical activity began developing normalised and standardised tools for subjective assessment of physical activity. After several years of experience, we know that well-chosen and properly validated tools used in the testing process conducted in accordance with recommended standards are a prerequisite for obtaining accurate, truthful and reliable data. Although there are over 90 different questionnaires for physical activity, the two most commonly used are the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). On the other hand, objective tools such as pedometers or accelerometers are used more and more frequently in cohort and experimental studies, but also those concerning populations. The article reviews the literature on the criteria of selection and usage of these popular tools. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them and the results of the most important comparative validation studies are discussed.
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    Prophylaxis of Lyme borreliosis and rural residents’ awareness
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Dankiewicz, Katarzyna ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Weiner, Marcin
    Background. The study aimed to evaluate the scope and level of rural residents’ knowledge on the prevention of Lyme borreliosis and how this knowledge is used by residents of some selected rural areas of Lublin Province. Material and methods. A survey methodology was conducted with a sample of respondents of the Firlej and Kock communes (Lubartów County) and Borki commune (Radzyń Podlaski County). The study group involved 100 rural residents aged 18-67 years (mean 43; SD 0.14). Results. Among rural residents participating in the study, 35% are engaged in agriculture, and 61% have backyard gardens. 14% of the respondents have experienced a single tick bite, while 26% multiple bites. Out of those respondents who have experienced tick bites, only 12.5% have undergone diagnostic tests for the presence of Lyme borreliosis. The reported bite sites were found mostly in the lower limb (55%), stomach (40%), upper limb (30%), and the observed symptoms included first of all: muscle pain (50%), headache (37.5%), impaired concentration (20%), fever (17.5%), bone and joint pain (12.5%). A total of 30% farmers and rural residents consider their knowledge on the prevention of tick-borne diseases as minimal. Conclusions. It is necessary to undertake educational activities that would not only contribute to an increase in the level of knowledge of countryside residents on the prevention of tick-borne diseases but also lead to taking appropriate measures when bites occur.
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    Meropenem resistance in intensive care units in Ukraine
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-05-22) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Ślifirczyk, Anna ; Pereviznyk, Bogdan
    The article reviews the issue of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to meropenem in intensive care units in Ukraine. An increase in meropenem inefficiency against microorganisms in intensive care units has been observed in the last years. The data analysis suggests a significant predominance of gram-negative flora: A. baumannii, Р. aeruginosa, К. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E.coli. On average 30% of microorganisms are resistant to 5 and more basic antibiotics including meropenem. 40-80 % of the gram-negative flora in intensive care units in Ukraine are resistant to meropenem. This can be attributed to the free sale of antibiotics without prescription, patients’ self-treatment, inadequate antibiotic therapy, and failure to comply with sanitary norms on the part of intensive care staff. Microbiological diagnostics of infectious pathogens also needs improvement. Unless proper measures are taken within a few years, meropenem as an antibiotic is likely to disappear in Ukraine.
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    Opportunities and threats in the post-antibiotic era
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-05-24) Weiner, Marcin
    The following article reviews the issue of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to meropenem in intensive care units in Ukraine. An increase in meropenem inefficiency against microorganisms in intensive care units has been observed in the last years. The data analysis suggests a significant predominance of gram-negative flora: A. baumannii, Р. aeruginosa, Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms change when they are exposed to antibiotics. Then, treatment becomes ineffective and infections persist in the body, increasing the risk of spreading to other persons. The new resistance mechanisms that are emerging and spreading globally cause that the so far applied methods of treatment do not work, threatening the human ability to resist common infectious diseases, which in turn results in prolonged infections or even death. Antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally over time, usually through genetic changes. However, the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are accelerating this process. It has become common to overuse and misuse antibiotics both in people and animals, which are often prescribed without professional oversight. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex problem that affects all of society and is driven by many interconnected factors. Single, isolated interventions have limited impact. Coordinated action is required to minimise the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.