Health Problems of Civilization

Stały URI dla tego zespołu

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/62

„Health Problems of Civilization" (ISSN 2353-6942) to czasopismo naukowe, które jest kontynuacją czasopisma „Human and Health", wydawanego w latach 2010-2013. Czasopismo publikowane jest wyłącznie w języku angielskim (streszczenie, tytuł i słowa kluczowe dodatkowo w języku polskim). Misją czasopisma jest promowanie wiedzy w zakresie różnych problemów zdrowotnych człowieka w świetle szybko postępujących zmian życia współczesnego, spowodowanych rozwojem cywilizacyjnym, industrializacją, urbanizacją oraz zmianami środowiska naturalnego, które wywierają często niekorzystny wpływ na zdrowie człowieka. Czasopismo publikuje artykuły w podziale na 3 działy tematyczne: Dział I. „Choroby i problemy wyróżnione przez WHO i FAO”, Dział II. „Aktywność fizyczna grup społecznych i zawodowych” oraz Dział III. „Inne”. Artykuły dotyczą różnych grup tematycznych, takich jak: biomedyczne aspekty zdrowia, współczesne choroby, aktywność fizyczna, zachowania zdrowotne. Czasopismo zastrzega sobie również prawo do skupienia się w wybranym numerze na jednym zakresie tematycznym, np. borelioza, gruźlica, aktywność fizyczna czy otyłość. Czasopismo „Health Problems of Civilization” daje możliwość publikacji artykułów dotyczących problematyki współczesnych zagrożeń, metod profilaktyki i edukacji prozdrowotnej oraz niekorzystnych zjawisk zdrowotnych.

Redaktor Naczelny: prof. dr hab. Marcin Weiner
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Zastępca Redaktora Naczelnego: dr hab. Małgorzata Tokarska-Rodak
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Sekretarz Redakcji: mgr Anna Maksymiuk
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Redaktor statystyczny: dr Agnieszka Kuś
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Redaktor językowy: dr Izabela Dąbrowska
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Redaktorzy tematyczni:

Biomedyczne aspekty zdrowia: dr Joanna Strzemecka
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Aktywność fizyczna: dr hab. Barbara Bergier
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Przeglądaj

In search of the assessment of the physical activity level of the youth with the use of the IPAQ

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Wasilewska, Małgorzata

Background. Keeping track of the research on the physical activity of young people from different countries allows for making its assessment objective, particularly when using the same questionnaire (IPAQ). Material and method. The study presents data on the level of physical activity of young people using the IPAQ questionnaire in a short and long form. Research results were sourced from 8 electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, ArXiv, IEEE, CiteSeer, SPORTDiscus, Health Source- Nursing/Academic Edition, Academic Search Complete, MasterFILE Premier for 2008-2016 which referred to the studies from Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Lithuania, Spain, Croatia, Greece, selected European countries and Mexico. Results. Significantly higher values expressed in MET-min./week were shown in the IPAQ questionnaire in a long than in short form. Most research results with higher physical activity of boys than girls were also confirmed. Conclusions. Large discrepancies in the data on the level of physical activity of young people from different countries should serve as indication for a better preparation of those conducting research with this questionnaire.
Variables differentiating positive health profiles and survival abilities among Ukrainian students attending Post-Secondary Medical School

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Tsos, Anatolii ; Bergier, Józef ; Tomczyszyn, Dorota

Background. Contemporary studies of health and evaluation attempts emphasize the holistic approach to health and its dimensions. The objective of the study was determination of health profiles and survival abilities among adolescents, and indicate differentiating variables. Material and methods. A diagnostic survey was used based on Kalina, investigating the subjective sense of health from the aspects of somatic, mental, social health and survival abilities. SPHSA was calculated as the arithmetic mean of individual health and total health measures. The study was conducted in 2014, in a group of 507 school adolescents aged 15-25 attending Medical Post-Secondary School in Lutsk, Ukraine. Results. Social health was evaluated by the adolescents in the most positive terms – 3.82 (±0.67), whereas survival abilities – in the most negative terms, 2.63(±0.75). In the domain of total health, the highest values occurred for daily physical activity – 3.10(±0.35), while the lowest – for occasional activity – 2.78 (±0.35). Similarly, significant differences were found between adolescents of the final, fourth year of school (2.82±0.73), and younger students. Significant correlations were demonstrated (p<0.05) in individual health profiles. With regard to survival capability, such correlation was observed in adolescents engaged in daily physical activity and students from big cities. In the somatic health profile it was observed in overweight adolescents and those who showed systematic physical activity and in the survival capability profile of adolescents pursuing systematic physical activity. With regard to the social health profile a significantly higher value occurred in first-year students and those with the highest educational achievements. Conclusions. The results of the study obtained should be used in discussions concerning educational programmes for students of paramedical specialties in the Ukraine.
Knowledge of nursing students about the transmission and prevention of infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus in women during pregnancy

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Eliášová, Anna ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Laskowski, Karol ; Pawłowicz, Ewa ; Fiedrouk, Marta ; Magurová, Dagmara ; Mikuľáková, Wioletta

Background. The knowledge about the prevention of infections with TORCH pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus, combined with the proper involvement in health educator’s work may affect the creation of the correct attitudes and health promoting habits. Study objective - the evaluation of knowledge of nursing students of the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska (Poland) and the University of Prešov (Slovakia) about the transmission routes and prevention of infections caused by T. gondii, Rubella virus and CMV in women during pregnancy. Material and methods. The study group included 158 nursing students from the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, and 240 students from the University of Prešov. An original questionnaire was used; it contained closed questions regarding the specific TORCH pathogens. Results. Correct answers to the question regarding the route of infection with T. gondii were provided by 43.5% of respondents from both universities; 42.5% knew the route of foetal infection with T. gondii, whereas 79.9% knew the methods to diagnose toxoplasmosis. Respondents knew consequences of infections caused by Rubella virus to the foetus (79.4%). Students of the State School of Higher Education (90.5%) and students of the University of Prešov (44.6%) were aware of the importance of rubella vaccination as a method of prevention of infection with Rubella virus. Conclusions. Nursing students are familiar with the methods used in the diagnostics of toxoplasmosis and the consequences for the foetus resulting from infections with Rubella virus. However, the awareness regarding the transmission routes of T. gondii and prevention of infections caused by Rubella virus and CMV was insufficient.
Organic pollution of water and human health

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Pawłowicz, Ewa Teresa

The issue of human health should be considered in correlation with monitoring and protection of environment we live in, because of the increase of pollution of anthropogenic origin and the increase of health risk. Health risk caused by water pollutants with chemical compounds, including toxic micropollutants is not fully assessed, since chemical pollutants cause undesirable health effects after a long-term exposition. Therefore, it is very important to choose the methodology of research for wider spectrum of pollution, especially organic, that can pose a threat to human health, and can be detected in environmental samples. On the basis of the review of existing eco-analytical research chromatographic methods in water analysis were selected, especially high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) with mass detection in GC/MS, HPLC/MS techniques. Non-target analysis revealed a high diversity in water chemical composition and a wider spectrum of organic contaminants comprising pharmaceuticals, technical additives, personal care products and pesticides. Some of the identified compounds are known as pollutants whereas some of these substances are so far unregistered contaminants. Although it was reported that the application of some of the identified compounds has been banned or restricted (e.g. lindane), the analyses showed that they can still be found in the environment. The study presented not only a comprehensive view on the state of pollution in studied waters, but also the eco-analytic methods and research results of the study may serve as the basis for widening the monitoring of environment. Persistent organic pollution is a threat to human life to different degrees and it has not been yet fully examined. Therefore, in order to protect human health it is necessary to develop chemical trace analysis – eco analysis in complex monitoring and protection of environment we live in.
Exposure to ticks and preventive actions in the scope of Lyme disease among young people from the northern part of Lublin Province (Eastern Poland)

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Pańczuk, Anna ; Kozioł-Montewka, Maria

Background. The ticks are the main vector of pathogens of infectious diseases both for people and animals. At present, tick-borne infections spread in the entire Europe. Lyme disease dominates among diseases spreading through ticks. The aim of the research was to determine the frequency of exposures to ticks of the subjected young people, applied ways of removing the ticks and the frequency of using the selected methods of Lyme disease prevention. Material and methods. The study involved 1150 people from the northern part of Lublin province (eastern Poland) at the age between15-20 years. The research tool applied was authors’ own survey questionnaire. Results. Over half of the surveyed young people (58.9%) stated that they had been bitten by ticks before (mostly people who live in the rural areas). Most frequently, the ticks were removed by wringing with tweezers (24.5%), grasping with fingers and tearing out (21.7%) and with tweezers with a swift, steady movement (21.6%). Over half of the surveyed (57.4%) stated that they do not use repellents against ticks while staying on the green areas, and 33.2% of the surveyed rarely use them. 18.3% of the surveyed do not examine the body after the return from the green areas and 34.8% rarely do it. The surveyed who had been bitten by ticks (especially several times) claimed that they more often use the analysed methods of prevention. Conclusions. Among the examined young people the risk of being bitten by ticks has been revealed and the risk is significantly greater among people who live in the rural areas. The ticks attached to skin were often removed improperly. The frequency of using the prevention against Lyme disease is insufficient. The increase of the range of its usage, as well as the promotion of the right method of removing ticks requires educational activities in the society.
Health 2020 and action plan for public health – new understanding of public health

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Karwowska, Paulina ; Gryko, Weronika

One of the key messages of the World Health Organization (WHO) is the assumption that the health of all people, achieving peace and security all over the world and attaining the highest possible level of health are among the most fundamental human rights. This idea accompanied the creation of WHO in 1948 and was the result of over a century-long history of operations conducted by many other international organizations, which to a lesser or greater extent adopted the goal of improving health, reaching beyond the territory of one country [1]. The basic tasks of the Organization are primarily the planning and coordination of activities in all areas of health, directing research, setting norms and standards, offering the option of health policies based on knowledge and scientific evidence and direct assistance and cooperation with the member states. The support for countries in their preparations for the creation of a policy framework and strategies for health plays a key role. The measures for the development of common guidelines for these policies gained pace particularly in the 70s of the twentieth century, when the realization of the fundamental assumptions of WHO, stipulating the achievement of the highest attainable standard of health by all, was still a considerable distant vision. In the face of such a challenge, WHO and the member states decided to develop a framework for translating the vision of universal health for people into specific strategies and policies. This process began in 1977, when WHO and member states commenced work on the strategy “Health for All” by the year 2000 [2].
Animal tuberculosis as a potential danger to men

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Krajewska, Monika ; Weiner, Marcin ; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa

Tuberculosis (latin: tuberculosis) is an infectious disease which affects man and many species of animals. The aetiological factor of tuberculosis are bacillus which belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) while their host preferences, gene sequence and the level of drug resistance can differ. MTBC constitute a morphologically and biochemically homogeneous group of bacteria which mainly spreads through the aerogenic channel on small, dry particles of phlegm called droplet nuclei which are discharged while infected people or animals cough. Infection occurs after predisposed individual inhales into his or her lungs the bacilli, where they easily multiply in the soft lungs tissue and cause infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified bovine tuberculosis (bTB) as direct zoonosis, in which case the transmission of disease is possible without the indirect host’s involvement. Moreover, bTB is the best example of anthroponosis, when the disease is transferred from animal to men. The possibility of dividing the strains of animal bacillus into the two genres: M. bovis and M. caprae raises some significant legal concerns in Europe since in many of its countries, including among others Poland, caprae is not considered to be an etiological factor of bTB.
Role of VlsE/C6 antigen as a marker for early Lyme borreliosis diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of its treatment

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Krzemień, Paweł Jan

Diagnosing Lyme borreliosis, despite years of standardization, continues to encounter difficulties. They result primarily from the lack of a good marker of active infection and one helpful in assessing the effectiveness of the treatment. So far, a certain diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis can be made only in a patient with erythema migrans (EM). Unfortunately, this symptom occurs only in some patients. According to the recommendations of the Polish Society of Epidemiologists and Doctors of Infectious Diseases, the effectiveness of treatment is determined by the disappearance of clinical symptoms. For this reason, for years, we have been looking for highly sensitive and diagnostically specific laboratory markers. These would allow for rapid identification of fresh infections with Borrelia spirochetes as well as simple monitoring of treatment efficacy. According to many of the recently published publications, the solution to the second of the presented problems may be the measurement of IgG antibodies to the surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. VlsE / C6.
Lyme borreliosis as a current health problem of the 21st century

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Pacian, Anna ; Kulik, Teresa ; Szwedo, Elwira

The aim of the paper is to present the current epidemiological situation of Lyme borreliosis in Poland as compared to the past years, with particular regard to Lublin Province. According to the Department of Epidemiology, Laboratory of Monitoring and Epidemiological Analysis, the National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene (NIPH – NIH), the number of cases of Lyme borreliosis reported for surveillance has increased significantly in the past three years. In 2016, the number stood at 21 220, i.e. 36% more than in 2015. The assessment of safety and sanitation standards conducted by State Sanitary Inspection for the year 2015 in Lublin Province showed that the incidence of Lyme borreliosis was 50.9 and that it was higher than the incidence in Poland – 35.4. Lyme borreliosis is a serious epidemiological and clinical problem in occupational risk groups, i.e. people working in agriculture, forestry and hunting. In serological surveys carried out in Lublin Province in the years 2011-2014, there was a much higher percentage of positive results in workers of several forest inspectorates than in those doing physical work related to forest exploitation (41.0%), as compared to the administrative staff (21.4%).
Legionella spp. in selected public utility buildings in Poland in 2009- 2013

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Shpakou, Andrei ; Gładysz, Iwona ; Sikora, Agnieszka ; Wójtowicz-Bobin, Małgorzata ; Kozioł-Montewka, Maria

Background. Civilizational changes, including urbanisation and industrialisation, created the conditions for the development of new pathogens colonising water networks which endanger human health and life. The aim of the study was to assess the contamination of water supply systems in public buildings by Legionella spp. a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria. Material and methods. The material samples were taken from the hot water supply systems of 41 buildings: school dormitories, boarding schools, educational centres, student dormitories. Results. In all analysed years, there were samples in which the applicable standards were exceeded, as specified by the regulation on the quality of water intended for human consumption. The highest percentage of negative samples was found in 2012, with as many as 81.1%, and the lowest one in 2011 − 35.3%. Positive samples obtained in the first and subsequent tests were detected in 20.0% of the tested facilities. The change from positive to negative values was found in 30.0% of the tested water networks. There were also cases of negative samples both in the first and subsequent tests, which was detected in 50.0% of the facilities. Conclusions. 1. An excessive amount of the officially permissible value of Legionella was found in 53.9% of the examined hot water samples. 2. The obtained results confirm the necessity of modernising and doing elementary repairs in water supply networks.
Health and nutritional behavior of a selected group of south-eastern Poland patients: a pilot study

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Domański, Maciej ; Domańska, Anna ; Chęcińska-Maciejewska, Zuzanna ; Lachowicz-Wiśniewska, Sabina ; Żukiewicz-Sobczak, Wioletta ; Weiner, Marcin

Background. The growing number of people with excess body weight is one of the most important global health issues. The increase in the number of people with excess weight and obesity leads to a shortened life expectancy. Material and methods. The aim of this pilot study was to use a questionnaire survey to determine the lifestyle of the people in a group of 84 Polish patients from south-eastern Poland, including diet, physical activity, and health. The pilot studies were carried out from December 2021 to January 2022 in a family doctor’s clinic among people in search of advice, who willingly volunteered themselves for the study. Results. The results of the study showed that 33% of women and 44% of men have excess body weight. Economic status statistically significantly affects the incidence of overweight and obesity. However, the level of education does not have a statistically significant effect on body weight. The irregularity of meals among the respondents was often explained by irregular work and many responsibilities. Our research also showed a low physical activity of the studied population. Conclusions. Improper nutrition combined with other anti-health behaviors make it significant to introduce intensive health education programs.
Optimized upstream therapy for managing patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis associated with hyperuricemia

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Lypovetska, Sofiya ; Prokopovich, Olena ; Shved, Mykola ; Boyko, Tetyana

Background. The recent epidemiological studies have shown that serum uric acid (SUA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and a negative prognostic marker for mortality in subjects with pre-existing heart failure. Material and methods. 147 patients, (59.2±0.8) years old, with postinfarction cardiosclerosis were included in this study. An evaluation of cardiohemodynamics, heart rhythm disturbances, lipid and purine metabolism’s violation and systemic inflammation was performed before treatment and six months afterwards. Results. An elevated SUA level was associated with the progression of postinfarction heart remodeling. Heterogenity of ventricular repolarization, decrease of heart rate variability, as well as high grade premature ventricular complexes were observed in these patients. Complex treatment with eprosartan provided a significant regress of left ventricle hypertrophy, achievement of target blood pressure levels, complete recovery from ventricular tachycardia, prevention of new-onset of atrial fibrillation. The use of fenofibrate resulted in reducing of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, SUA and main markers of systemic inflammation as well as an increase high density lipoproteins. Conclusions. The use of eprosartan and fenofibrate is an optimized upstream strategy for managing patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis associated with hyperuricemia.
Epidemiological situation of Lyme borreliosis in the Polish-Belarusian borderland in the years 2012-2016 (Podlasie Province and Grodno Region)

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Sovkich, Aleksandra Leonidovna ; Pańczuk, Anna ; Kozioł-Montewka, Maria ; Tsyrkunov, Vladimir Maksimovich ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Hutko, Alla Richardovna

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and the number of reported cases is constantly rising. An increase in morbidity can be observed both in Poland and Belarus; however, the recorded rates are much higher in Poland. The aim of the article was to analyze the epidemiological situation of Lyme borrelosis in neighbouring territories in the Polish-Belarusian borderland: Grodno Region and Podlasie Province in the years 2012-2016. Differences in the recorded incidence of Lyme borreliosis in the analyzed territories were higher than those noted as national indicators in each consecutive year of the analyzed fiveyear period. In 2016, the incidence rate in Grodno Region was 25.0/100,000 inhabitants, while in Podlasie Province it was over 5 times higher (134.9/100,000 inhabitants). A detailed analysis of the rates in particular districts of the analyzed territories showed that the areas in Podlasie Province directly adjacent to Grodno Region are characterized by high Lyme borreliosis incidence rates, whereas those in Grodno Region bordering with Podlasie Province generally recorded rates close to the indicator for the whole region. Understanding the big differences in the recorded incidence of LB in the neighbouring Polish-Belarusian border areas requires further detailed analyses in order to identify the factors influencing such a situation.
Risk of tick-borne bacterial diseases in forestry workers of Ternopil region (western Ukraine)

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Shkilna, Mariia ; Andreychyn, Mykhailo ; Klishch, Ivan ; Korda, Mykhailo ; Rogalskyy, Igor

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness of Lyme borreliosis prevention and risk of being infected with the Borrelia burgdorferi in the forestry workers of Ternopil Region. To achieve the objective, serological tests were performed. Material and methods. The studies were conducted by diagnosing serum in 348 employees of Ternopil Region for anti-Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. antibodies by ELISA test. The age of the examined persons ranged from 17 to 75, mean age - 38.9 years. All the participants completed а questionnaire. The forestry workers were asked to state whether they noticed any symptoms compatible with Lyme borreliosis. Results. 348 forestry workers employed in five forest inspectorates were examined for specific anti-Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. antibodies. With ELISA test, a positive or inconclusive result in at least one antibody was observed in 43.1% of the respondents (n=150 of 348): IgM antibody − in 14.6% (n=51 of 348), and IgG antibody – in 35.3% (n=123 of 348). The largest number of respondents in the study group, i.e. 35.3%, were bitten in the abdomen area. As for the methods of tick removal, most respondents pulled the tick out with fingers (35.9%), while only 6.0% turned to a physician or nurse to have it removed. Erythema migrans (47%) and pruritis (31%) were the most frequent symptoms among the participants. Conclusions. T he absence of t he official r ecognition of Lyme b orreliosis a s a n o ccupational disease in Ukraine makes the study of prevention measures and their distribution in professional groups working in wooded areas an urgent matter. Providing the forest administration units with a sufficient number of tweezers or special loops for tick removal would certainly increase the protection of those exploiting forests against work-related tick-borne diseases.
Awareness of tick-borne bacterial infection in the students of nonmedical universities in Ternopil region (western Ukraine)

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Nykytyuk, Svitlana ; Pańczuk, Anna ; Shkilna, Mariia ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Szepeluk, Adam ; Melnyk, Larysa ; Korda, Mykhailo

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the awareness of Lyme borreliosis prevention and exposure to ticks in non-medical students of 2 universities in Ternopil Region (Western Ukraine). Material and methods. The study was conducted by surveying 252 young persons studying at non-medical universities in Ternopil (Western Ukraine): 119 students of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University (TNPU) and 133 of Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (TNTU), aged 18-23 years old. All the participants completed а questionnaire. Results. The students of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University (TNPU) and Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University (TNTU), Ternopil, understand that the risk of being infected with Lyme borreliosis does not only appear in forests, but also in gardens, parks, and countryside. Still, 16.5% of the students of both Ternopil universities showed very low awareness about Lyme borreliosis. Most TNPU respondents in the study group (40.7%) were bitten by a tick in the abdomen area; 31.3% of the TNTU students declared being bitten in lower limbs. Students of both universities recorded the fewest bites in the chest area (7.1% in TNTU and 13.0% in TNPU respectively). As for the most frequent methods of tick removal, 71.4% of the respondents lubricated it with fat (e.g. butter, oil) and 42.0% twisted it out with tweezers. Conclusions. Education towards proper methods of tick removal, prevention of tick bites (clothes, repellents) should become an important element of protection measures in students in the regions of high Lyme borreliosis frequency, including Ternopil.
Knowledge in the prevention of Lyme borreliosis and exposure to ticks in women and men studying non-medical courses in Latvia

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Tarelkina, Irena ; Voita, Daina ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Pańczuk, Anna

Background. The aim of the following study was to assess the level of knowledge in the prevention of Lyme borreliosis and exposure to ticks in non-medical students, broken down by gender. Material and methods. The study group comprised 274 students from Latvia, including 229 women and 45 men aged 18-35. As for the research tool, the authors’ own questionnaire survey was used. Results. Latvian male students are more likely to use repellents and more often examine their bodies on return from green areas (86.6% and 97.8% respectively) than women (66.3% and 93.9%, respectively). The biggest group of the respondents (35.6% of the men and 41.1% of the women) considered that twisting the tick out with tweezers was the correct method of removing ticks. Slightly fewer respondents, i.e. 26.6% of the men and 36.2% of the women, opted for tweezing it out with a swift steady movement. In practice, most people do not do this on their own − 28.9% of the men turn to a doctor / nurse for help and 32.3% of the women to some other person. Students critically assess their knowledge regarding Lyme borreliosis: 60% of the men evaluate it as minimal and 53.1% of the women as average. More than 86% of the men and 73.4% of the women in the study group reported being bitten by a tick. Conclusions: The results of the study reflect the attitudes of Latvian academic youth towards Lyme borreliosis as well as knowledge about the disease and its prevention, which allows for assessing the need for intensifying public education in the subject.
Tick-borne bacterial diseases in Poland

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Tylewska-Wierzbanowska, Stanisława ; Chmielewski, Tomasz

Many infectious diseases are spread by a vector. Some microorganisms require both the vertebrate as well invertebrate host to complete their life cycle. In this way, many bacterial diseases are transmitted to humans. Within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, 15 genospecies have been identified; 7 of which are pathogenic to humans. Lyme borreliosis, classified as a zoonosis, occurs throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The symptoms caused by these spirochetes, in addition to the characteristic erythema migrans, may affect many body systems and organs. Infections caused by Bartonella spp. are classified as emerging and re-emerging diseases. Over 25 species of Bartonella species have been currently recognized, 14 of which are pathogenic to humans. The infections of these microorganisms are transmitted by ticks, lice and fleas, and manifest themselves as endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bacillary peliosis, Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, the mildest of them being the cat scratch disease. Recently, spotted fever group rickettsioses are the most commonly recognized. In Poland, the etiological agents of these diseases are various species of Rickettsia spp., such as R. helvetica, R. monacensis, R. slovaca and R. raoultii. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an acute infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The symptoms of anaplasmosis include: a high fever, headache, malaise, muscle pains and chills. It is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated levels of liver transaminases, increased number of neutrophils and mild anemia. There is no specific prophylaxis to avert tick-borne infections. The best prevention method is to avoid tick bites and to remove them from the skin immediately. It is also recommended to use tick repellents.
Analysis of the methods for diagnosing borreliosis − Lyme disease

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Pedrycz-Wieczorska, Agnieszka

Lyme borreliosis is a multi-organ disease transmitted by ticks, whose etiological factor is an anaerobic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The incidence of this disease has risen each year for more than 10 years now in all parts of the world where ticks are present. Due to the multiplicity of the clinical symptoms, the disease is difficult to diagnose as it resembles other illnesses. Further, its pathomechanism through which Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes attack joints, heart, nervous system and skin is not fully understood. This leads to many problems, both diagnostic and therapeutic. At present, there are two views on Lyme disease: one forwarded by the Polish Society of Epidemiology and Physicians of Infectious Diseases and the other one recommended by the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society. The following article presents clinical diagnostic procedures as well as additional laboratory, serological, histological, microbiological and genetic analyzes. It is an attempt to provide the most reliable diagnostic methods although it should be noted that all of them encounter difficulties. Accordingly, the diagnosis of Lyme disease is far from perfect and requires further research and standardization.
Sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in a specific region of Ukraine 30 years after Chernobyl disaster

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Ślifirczyk, Anna ; Potupalova, Tatiana ; Slobodian, Volodymyr

Background. The study aimed to determine the effect of iodine deficiency and increased radiation on morbidity of thyroid cancer in patients living in the Ternopil region of Ukraine. The task was solved by comparing the patients with thyroid cancer from the district areas with iodine deficiency and increased radiation with those coming from the regions with normal iodine content and a normal radioactive background. Material and methods. The area of the Ternopil region was divided into the following 1) the northern area, with sufficient iodine content in food, radiation background – 0.09 mcSv/h; 2) the central and western areas, endemic in terms of iodine content and increased background radiation (up to 0.13 mcSv/h); and 3) the southern area, with sufficient iodine but increased background radiation (up to 0.15 mcSv/h). To conduct the analysis and determine the sickness rate, the patients were grouped depending on sex and age. Results. The sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in males in 2016 were 4-6 times lower when compared to females in all areas. The sickness rate of the females in the areas with increased radiation turned out to be age-dependent with a 1.25-3.2 times increase when compared to the areas with normal conditions. In the areas of the increased background radiation and dietary iodine insufficiency, the sickness rate of females was 1.54-5.4 times higher than the index in the areas with normal conditions. Conclusions. The highest rates prevalence and sickness rate of thyroid cancer in Ternopil region of Ukraine were observed in women over 51 years. The prevalence was 2 times, and the sickness rate 3 times higher in women over 51 years in the areas with iodine deficiency and an increased radiation background when compared to those in the areas with normal iodine and radiation background.
Physical activity in students from the Visegrad countries by BMI status

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Junger, Jan ; Frömel, Karel ; Bergier, Józef ; Ács, Pongrác ; Bergier, Barbara ; Salonna, Ferdinand ; Niźnikowska, Ewelina

Background. This study aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) in undergraduate university students of three fields of study from the four Visegrad Group countries – Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary. Material and methods. The research was conducted in 2015 on adolescent undergraduate university student populations in three fields of study – humanities, medical, and technical sciences. The sample included 2,484 students in total. The data was collected using the extended version of the standardised International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Students completed the questionnaire via the INDARES online system. Results. The results confirmed significant differences in PA between sexes in favour of males both in its overall manifestation and in the individual levels of PA intensity (p<0.05). The comparison of the four countries revealed significant differences in PA in males and females in all PA domains (p<0.05). The evaluation of the total BMI, as well as the one measured in individual countries confirmed a significant difference between sexes in favour of males (p<0.05). The study of the relationship between PA and BMI did not reveal a statistically significant dependence in any of the tested domains. This conclusion applies both to males and females. Conclusions. Males are generally more physically active than females overall and in individual fields of study. Also, males exhibit higher BMI in all the studied categories. No significant relation between PA intensity and volume and BMI was found in either sex.

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