Health Problems of Civilization

Stały URI dla tego zespołu

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/62

„Health Problems of Civilization" (ISSN 2353-6942) to czasopismo naukowe, które jest kontynuacją czasopisma „Human and Health", wydawanego w latach 2010-2013. Czasopismo publikowane jest wyłącznie w języku angielskim (streszczenie, tytuł i słowa kluczowe dodatkowo w języku polskim). Misją czasopisma jest promowanie wiedzy w zakresie różnych problemów zdrowotnych człowieka w świetle szybko postępujących zmian życia współczesnego, spowodowanych rozwojem cywilizacyjnym, industrializacją, urbanizacją oraz zmianami środowiska naturalnego, które wywierają często niekorzystny wpływ na zdrowie człowieka. Czasopismo publikuje artykuły w podziale na 3 działy tematyczne: Dział I. „Choroby i problemy wyróżnione przez WHO i FAO”, Dział II. „Aktywność fizyczna grup społecznych i zawodowych” oraz Dział III. „Inne”. Artykuły dotyczą różnych grup tematycznych, takich jak: biomedyczne aspekty zdrowia, współczesne choroby, aktywność fizyczna, zachowania zdrowotne. Czasopismo zastrzega sobie również prawo do skupienia się w wybranym numerze na jednym zakresie tematycznym, np. borelioza, gruźlica, aktywność fizyczna czy otyłość. Czasopismo „Health Problems of Civilization” daje możliwość publikacji artykułów dotyczących problematyki współczesnych zagrożeń, metod profilaktyki i edukacji prozdrowotnej oraz niekorzystnych zjawisk zdrowotnych.

Redaktor Naczelny: prof. dr hab. Marcin Weiner
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Zastępca Redaktora Naczelnego: dr hab. Małgorzata Tokarska-Rodak
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Sekretarz Redakcji: mgr Anna Maksymiuk
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Redaktor statystyczny: dr Agnieszka Kuś
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Redaktor językowy: dr Izabela Dąbrowska
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Redaktorzy tematyczni:

Biomedyczne aspekty zdrowia: dr Joanna Strzemecka
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Aktywność fizyczna: dr hab. Barbara Bergier
Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, Polska

Przeglądaj

Academic stress and depression among college students: the mediating effect of parental attachment

(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-01-29) Dalal, Smarika

The current study aimed to understand the mediating role of parental attachment in the relationship between academic stress and depression. Academic stress and parental attachment have both been studied for their strong correlation with depression and also as a predictor of depression. This study focused on the path mechanism that exists between academic stress and depression and whether parental attachment can be a protective factor that shields an individual from mental health deterioration due to academic stress. The author hypothesized that parental attachment has a significant mediating role to play in the relationship existing between academic stress and depression. Material and methods. A sample of 120 college students (60 males, 60 females) was collected from colleges over Northern India. Academic Stress scale, Parental Attachment Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure the variables. Results. The results of the study indicated that parental attachment plays role of a partial and significant mediator between academic stress and depression. Conclusions. The findings imply the importance of parental attachment for an individual during young adulthood. They also suggest to the practitioners, policy makers, health care specialists that the significance of parent-child relationship needs to be understood and exploited to alleviate the effect of mental health issues among the college students.
Activation and support for the development of people with physical disabilities in the opinion of the residents of the social welfare home in Szczecin

(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-02-28) Stępień-Słodkowska, Marta ; Siedziako, Robert

Physical activity contributes to maintaining good health. The priority in striving for the proper quality of life of people with special needs is to provide this population with opportunities to participate in sports activities and with access to special devices. The aim of the research was to learn about the limitations and barriers to physical activity among people with disabilities regarding places to engage in physical activity, to determine the needs and capabilities of these people in relation to places to engage in physical activity, and present proposals for innovative exercise equipment. Material and methods. The research material consisted of data obtained from 26 people with physical disabilities. The diagnostic survey method and survey technique were used, and the tool was a self-made questionnaire. Results. The proposed devices enable people to engage in physical activity. The devices are intended for exercising upper muscle groups and are adapted for people with disabilities. They are used in medical rehabilitation. As a result of the greater dynamics of exercise, the resistance increases. To make it easier for the users, the device manual contains boards with pictograms, interactive boards with instructional videos, and an audio board. Conclusions. There is a great demand for the development of sports and recreational infrastructure while maintaining all aspects of respect for people with disabilities. The versatility of outdoor exercise equipment allows you to create perfect places for integration and social bonding. Healthy lifestyle programs can reduce barriers to participation as well as increase physical activity, improve healthy lifestyle habits, and facilitate social integration.
Adherence to treatment regimens in patients with cardiovascular diseases

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2021-11-10) Dimunová, Lucia ; Michalková, Jana ; Zamboriová, Mária ; Bučková, Jana ; Rajničová Nagyová, Iveta

Background. Adherence is an important parameter of any effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate adherence/non-adherence in patients with cardiovascular diseases and to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics affected treatment adherence. Material and methods. The study sample consisted of 878 patients with coronary heart disease. A non-standardized questionnaire was used to obtain the data. The data was statistically evaluated using SPSS.25.0. Results. Adherence was demonstrated in 501 (57.4%) patients. A statistically significant relationship was confirmed between adherence to treatment and gender (p=0.000) and employment (p=0.001). Patients ≥58 years of age with basic education and who earn an average income have a higher adherence rate to treatment. Conclusions. Knowledge of how a patient’s sociodemographic characteristics affect adherence can help healthcare professionals to effectively educate patients and improve their quality of life.
Alcohol consumption among students in the Lublin region of Poland

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-03-04) Mandziuk, Marta ; Wasilewska, Małgorzata ; Lukács, Andrea

Background. Alcohol is a psychoactive addictive substance that is a frequent part of student life, where consumption levels can be high. This study aimed to determine the level of alcohol consumption among students in the Lublin province. Material and methods. The study was carried out in 2018, using 700 freshmen from the Lublin province (456 women – 65.14% and 244 men – 34.86%) who completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) on the Internet. Results. The vast majority of the respondents drink alcohol (80% – 560 people), every fifth respondent declared abstinence (20% – 140 respondents). The gender of the respondents significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ2=42.262; p<0.0001). More women than men consumed alcohol at a low risk of developing alcohol-related disorders (89.04%, i.e. 406 women – 71.72%, i.e. 175 men). The value of BMI significantly differentiated the level of alcohol consumption (χ2=17.513; p=0.008). Conclusions. Most respondents consume alcohol at low-risk. Gender and BMI value significantly determine alcohol consumption. It is therefore extremely important to organize at universities cyclical preventive lectures on the harmful effects of alcohol consumption, highlighting its different impact on men and women. Physical activity plays a positive role in promoting health, even when at the same time unhealthy habits such as excessive alcohol consumption occur. Therefore, the possibility of participation in the university in the afternoon sports and recreation classes should be particularly promoted among students.
Amplitude-time characteristics of women’s brain activity associated with the motor response in the Stop-Signal task paradigm

(Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2022-06-30) Morenko, Alevtyna ; Korzhyk, Olha ; Morenko, Olena

Background. The amplitude-temporal characteristics of the event-related potentials of the cortex associated with the motor response were studied in women using the Stop-Signal task paradigm. Material and methods. The research involved 48 healthy, right-handed female volunteers between the ages of 18 and 23 years. Event-related potentials in the frontal, central, and parietal cortices were analyzed. The latency periods of the N2 and P3 components as well as the amplitudes of the N2 and P3 waves were determined. Results. The performance of the motor task in the Stop-Signal task paradigm was accompanied by a predominance of the N2 latency component in the parietal cortex areas, primarily in the right hemisphere, and the P3 component amplitude in the frontal area of the left hemisphere. A bilateral cortex response was revealed in the P3 latency component and the inter-peak amplitude of the P2N2 event-related potential interval. The local potential shift in the N2P3 peak interval was recorded in the right central and parietal areas, with a higher amplitude in the left hemisphere. Conclusions. The established characteristics of induced brain activity in women may support the idea of the multistage inhibitory process, which can require additional reassessment and categorization of the stimulus at the time of transition from the stage of an action’s “suspension” to its complete “cancellation.”
Analysis of diabetes-related health policy programs implemented by local government units in Poland between 2012 and 2022

(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-01-31) Grudziąż-Sękowska, Justyna ; Sękowski, Kuba ; Jankowski, Mateusz ; Pinkas, Jarosław

This study examines the diabetes-related health policy programs (HPPs) implemented in Poland between 2012 and 2022. Material and methods. The material of the study was a collection of all HPPs submitted by local government units (LGUs) in Poland between 2012 and 2022, among which diabetes-related programs were identified. The full texts of the diabetes-related programs were subject to retrospective analysis, taking into account the characteristics of the measures envisaged in them, as well as information about the submitting LGU. Results. Out of 1974 programs submitted by LGUs, only 2.3% were diabetes-related, and merely 1.3% were implemented. All programs focused solely on type 2 diabetes. 43.8% of provinces, 4.2% of counties and 1% of communes had implemented at least one diabetes-related program. Secondary prevention and health promotion were emphasized, with little attention to primary prevention. Common interventions included health education, BMI/WHR measurements, and FPG/OGTT tests. Conclusions. HPPs are rarely used in diabetes prevention by LGUs. There are barriers, including limited legal authority for certain interventions, inadequate expertise in program design, and disparities in resources and capacities among LGUs. In the article, recommendations are made for improving diabetes-related HPPs, including the improved defining of target populations, incorporating primary prevention strategies, and providing support and training to local administration workers.
Analysis of ghrelin and leptin concentrations in saliva in a selected population of children aged 10-13 years in the Silesia Province (Poland)

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2021-05-12) Jonczyk, Paweł ; Potempa-Jeziorowska, Magdalena ; Świętochowska, Elżbieta ; Kucharzewski, Marek

Background. The measurement of salivary ghrelin and leptin concentrations can be a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing children’s nutrition. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a group of children aged 10-13 years in selected elementary schools in the Silesia Province, Poland. Biological material (saliva) was collected from the study children and anthropometric measurements were taken. Collected saliva was subjected to ELISA analysis. Using the obtained anthropometric data, Body Mass Index was calculated, nutritional status of children was determined based on growth charts. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the collected data. Results. A total of 111 children (48 girls and 63 boys) participated in the study. Normal body weight was observed in 55% of boys and 66% of girls; overweight was observed in 21% of girls and 27% of boys and obesity in 12.5% of girls and 14.3% of boys. Ghrelin concentrations in the whole study group correlate significantly with leptin concentrations (Pearson’s r=0.45; p=0.001). Body Mass Index, body weight, waist circumference, as well as hip circumference are statistically associated with ghrelin (p=0.001) and leptin (p=0.001) levels. Conclusions. The factor influencing salivary concentrations of ghrelin and leptin is body weight, whereas gender has no effect on the concentrations of the compounds in question. Body Mass Index values, body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/hip ratio correlate with salivary concentrations of ghrelin and leptin.
Analysis of knowledge on probiotics among adults living in the Biała Podlaska County (Lublin Voivodship)

(Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2022-12-30) Jakimiuk, Katarzyna ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata

Background. Lactic acid bacteria of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera are mainly used as probiotics. Their effect on the human organism is multidirectional, hence they are used both in prevention and treatment of many disease entities. The aim of the study was to analyze the level of knowledge about probiotics among adult residents of the city of Biała Podlaska and Biała Podlaska County (Lublin Voivodship, Poland). Material and methods. The survey was conducted among 116 adults meeting the criterion of place of residence. An original survey questionnaire was used as a research tool. Results. The majority of the respondents knew the definition of probiotics; food products which are their source were also correctly indicated. Probiotics were most commonly used during antibiotic therapy, with dietary supplements being the preferred form of probiotic use. The overwhelming majority of the respondents believe that probiotics have a positive impact on the human body, mainly through their effect on intestinal regulation. No one indicated that probiotics could have a negative effect on health. More than half of the respondents also know what prebiotics are and only a few use synbiotics. Conclusions. The vast majority of the adults participating in the survey use probiotics, know their beneficial effects on the human body, and are familiar with their natural dietary sources. Knowledge of the negative effects of probiotic supplementation and the use of prebiotics and synbiotics is less widespread; therefore, it is important to strive to continuously raise public awareness of these issues by undertaking educational and informational activities.
Analysis of resistance to antimycobacterial drugs among MTBC strains isolated from cattle in Poland as a threat to human health

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-02-24) Weiner, Marcin ; Krajewska, Monika ; Zabost, Anna ; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa ; Szulowski, Krzysztof

Background. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease affecting humans and animals. It is caused by mycobacteria that are part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The etiological agent causing bovine tuberculosis is mycobacteria bovis: Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. According to the World Health Organization bovine tuberculosis is classified as direct zoonosis. Material and methods. T he s tudy m aterial c onsisted o f 1 29 M TBC s trains i solated f rom Polish cattle, which were microbiologically analyzed. The resistance phenotype was tested for first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis in humans. The drugs included streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The MTBC strains tested in this study were isolated from cattle tissue post mortem so that the determination of drug resistance could meet only the epidemiological criterion. Results. Polish strains of mycobacteria bovis have not acquired environmental resistance despite the huge dynamics of changes in the phenotype of mycobacterial tuberculosis resistance. Strains classified as M. bovis are characterized by natural resistance to PZA, which is typical of this species. Conclusions. Drug resistance imposes the use of additional drugs. Drugs that are less effective than the basic drugs, drugs causing side effects more frequently and drugs that are much more expensive.
Analysis of surgical procedures in people of geriatric age

(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-01-29) Wróblewska, Zuzanna ; Chmielewski, Jarosław Piotr ; Motyl, Michał ; Czarny-Działak, Małgorzata ; Kowalczyk, Michała ; Król, Halina ; Wróblewska, Izabela

Background. The aim of the study was the analysis of the type of surgical operations conducted in geriatric age patients and factors impacting wound healing and the well-being of seniors. Material and methods. The study was conducted from July 2022 to April 2023, involving a group of 209 participants residing in surgical wards. The selection criteria included being aged 65 years and above, having gone through a surgical operation and allowing access to full medical records. The study used a self-developed questionnaire, as well as standardized scales: VAS, SGA and SSCh. The verification for existing relationships was conducted using the Chi-square test, with a statistical significance set at p=0.05. Results. The majority of the participating sample were males (N=125; 58.81%), and aged 79 and above (N=146; 69.85%). No microbiological test was conducted prior to the surgery in the majority of the participants (N=203; 97.13%). The most common procedures conducted were hernia surgeries (N=48; 22.97%) and proctologic procedures (N=46; 22.00%). Prior to the procedure, the skin was clean (N=150; 71.77%). The surgery was most often performed on patients above the age of 79 years (N=146; 69.85%). Conclusions. The number of conducted surgical operations increases with age. The procedures most commonly carried out on senior patients are planned hernia surgeries and proctologic procedures.
Analysis of the methods for diagnosing borreliosis − Lyme disease

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-07-28) Pedrycz-Wieczorska, Agnieszka

Lyme borreliosis is a multi-organ disease transmitted by ticks, whose etiological factor is an anaerobic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The incidence of this disease has risen each year for more than 10 years now in all parts of the world where ticks are present. Due to the multiplicity of the clinical symptoms, the disease is difficult to diagnose as it resembles other illnesses. Further, its pathomechanism through which Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes attack joints, heart, nervous system and skin is not fully understood. This leads to many problems, both diagnostic and therapeutic. At present, there are two views on Lyme disease: one forwarded by the Polish Society of Epidemiology and Physicians of Infectious Diseases and the other one recommended by the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society. The following article presents clinical diagnostic procedures as well as additional laboratory, serological, histological, microbiological and genetic analyzes. It is an attempt to provide the most reliable diagnostic methods although it should be noted that all of them encounter difficulties. Accordingly, the diagnosis of Lyme disease is far from perfect and requires further research and standardization.
Analysis of the nutritional status of children aged 10-13 years in the Silesian Province, Poland, and correlation with socio-demographic factor

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2021-02-24) Jonczyk, Paweł ; Potempa-Jeziorowska, Magdalena ; Świętochowska, Elżbieta ; Kucharzewski, Marek

Background. Nutritional disorders constitute a significant clinical problem in the 21st century. The problems of overweight and obesity concern not only adults, but are also increasingly affecting developing children. Material and methods. The study was conducted among parents of children aged 10-13 years. Based on the data obtained from questionnaires distributed to th parents, bod mass index (BMI) and degree of nutrition was determined and the influence of socio-demographic factors on the nutritional status of children was analyzed. Results. This study found that approximately 16% of children aged 10-13 are categorized as overweight, and 26% are categorized as obese. Place of residence has a significant effect on the BMI of included children, with those living in a country being characterized by a significantly lower BMI compared to those living in a town or cit (p=0.008). Children whose parents are overweight or obese are characterized by a higher BMI compared to children whose parents are not overweight or obese (p=0.001).Conclusions. This study shows that the presence of overweight or obesity in a parent is correlated with a higher BMI in their children. In addition, children living in the countryside have a significantly lower average BMI compared to children living in a town or city.
Analysis of vitamin D content in dietary supplements available in the EU

(Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-01-08) Domański, Maciej ; Domańska, Anna ; Żukiewicz-Sobczak, Wioletta ; Weiner, Marcin

Background. Vitamin D occurs in two forms: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). Deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children, while in adults to osteoporosis, depression and multiple sclerosis. The aim of the pilot study was to analyze dietary supplements in terms of the actual content of vitamin D3. Material and methods. The object of the study was ten random samples of dietary supplements from different manufacturers containing in their composition different values of vitamin D3. The manufacturers included a declaration on the content of vitamin D3 on the packaging. The actual content of vitamin D3 was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The content of vitamin D3 was determined based on a standard curve. Sigma Aldrich’s Cholecalciferol standard was used. Results. In all the analyzed dietary supplements, the actual content of vitamin D is much lower than declared by the manufacturer. The carried-out tests revealed that the content of vitamin D3 in the analyzed supplements varied from 1.02 to 59.56 μg. In three cases borderline low values of vitamin D3 were noted. Furthermore, supplement 6 and 9 contained too low dosage of vitamin D3 to supplement a daily demand of an organism for this vitamin. Conclusions. Controlling the shortage of vitamin D in an organism decreases the risk of occurrence of civilization diseases. The results of own pilot studies and studies of other authors prove that this type of research should be continued in a wider scope on various food categories.
Animal tuberculosis as a potential danger to men

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017-03-09) Krajewska, Monika ; Weiner, Marcin ; Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Ewa

Tuberculosis (latin: tuberculosis) is an infectious disease which affects man and many species of animals. The aetiological factor of tuberculosis are bacillus which belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) while their host preferences, gene sequence and the level of drug resistance can differ. MTBC constitute a morphologically and biochemically homogeneous group of bacteria which mainly spreads through the aerogenic channel on small, dry particles of phlegm called droplet nuclei which are discharged while infected people or animals cough. Infection occurs after predisposed individual inhales into his or her lungs the bacilli, where they easily multiply in the soft lungs tissue and cause infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified bovine tuberculosis (bTB) as direct zoonosis, in which case the transmission of disease is possible without the indirect host’s involvement. Moreover, bTB is the best example of anthroponosis, when the disease is transferred from animal to men. The possibility of dividing the strains of animal bacillus into the two genres: M. bovis and M. caprae raises some significant legal concerns in Europe since in many of its countries, including among others Poland, caprae is not considered to be an etiological factor of bTB.
Antagonistic interaction of lacosamide with carbamazepine and valproate in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2019-01-30) Kondrat-Wróbel, Maria W. ; Załuska, Katarzyna ; Walczak, Aleksandra ; Panasiuk-Poterek, Anna N. ; Gut-Lepiech, Agata ; Wróblewska-Łuczka, Paula ; Łuszczki, Jarogniew J.

Background. It is estimated that approximately 1% of people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are able to control epileptic seizures in about 70% of cases. In the remaining patients (30%), the application of two or three AEDs in combination is necessary for effective seizure management. The goal of this work was to characterize the interaction of three AEDs: lacosamide (LCM), carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model. Material and methods. Male albino Swiss mice, after receiving a combination of LCM, CBZ and VPA, were challenged with electric current to evoke tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity). Protection of the mice from tonic-clonic seizures was assessed by isobolographic analysis to determine the type of interaction occurring between these drugs. Results. Type I isobolographic analysis revealed that the combination of LCM, CBZ and VPA produced infra-additive (antagonistic) interaction in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model. Conclusions. Since the three-drug mixture of LCM, CBZ and VPA exerted an antagonistic interaction in the tonic-clonic seizure test in mice, we would caution physicians against treating epilepsy patients with this unfavorable combination.
Antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in naïve and previously infected healthcare workers

(Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2021-12-31) Huțanu, Adina ; Dobreanu, Minodora

Background. Evaluating and monitoring plasma levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers, together with the vaccination of this at-risk population is important for maintaining the viability of the healthcare system, especially during the emergence of new viral variants. The aim of this study is to investigate plasma levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare providers following full vaccination, in both naïve and previously infected individuals. Material and methods. Complete data was available for 89 healthcare workers from the larger group of 102 initial participants. Plasma was collected at least one month, and no later than two months after the full dose of an mRNA vaccine, and analyzed by determining the total antibody concentration against the spike protein using an ECLIA kit. Results. The degree of humoral-specific immune response was at least 5-fold higher in previously infected healthcare workers compared to naïve persons that received the vaccine only. The highest titer was found in office-based staff, relative to those found in doctors and nurses. However, this difference lacks statistical significance. Among previously infected participants, nurses had significantly higher antibody titers, when compared to doctors. Conclusions. The study revealed a sustained immune response after mRNA vaccine among healthcare workers, with enhanced response in previously infected subjects, highlighting a boosting effect of the vaccine.
Application of portfolio matrix for resource allocation purposes in sports: the case of Hungary

(Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2022-12-30) Hoffbauer, Márk ; Ács, Pongrác ; Stocker, Miklós ; Paár, Dávid

Background. Sports can function in a number of contexts in society, therefore government-related financial contribution can be justified. The resource allocation decisions of the contributor are always a relevant topic. The aim of this paper was to create a modified portfolio matrix tool for resource allocation purposes, which can be used at the national, regional, municipal or organizational level. Material and methods. The study consists of two researches conducted with the use of Google Forms. Two target groups (sports clubs from Baranya County and outstanding sports clubs in Hungary) were taken into consideration. Results. During the interviews in each group of sports clubs, 40 and 52 sports respectively were evaluated. The 12 most important sports were selected for this study. It can be seen that there is no significant difference between the regional and national rankings of sports. Outstanding sports clubs evaluated the given sports higher overall than regional sports clubs with regard to both categories: “the future vision of sport” and “the current impact”. Conclusions. The sport portfolio matrix can serve as the basis for the resource allocation decisions, but it has to be complemented with other funding schemes as this tool incentivizes mostly present performance, whereas strategic considerations should have another platform.
Are the 100 best spa hotels in Poland really spa centers?

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2019-04-11) Biernat, Elżbieta ; Sempolska, Katarzyna ; Shmakova, Nadia

Background. In the face of unrelenting civilization threats and social challenges, the dynamic development of wellness & spa centers is observed. The aim of this work is an analysis to determine whether the 100 best Polish spa hotels satisfy the requirements of this type of company in light of terminology put forward by the International Spa Association (ISPA) and the European Spas Association (ESPA). Material and methods. Definitions put forward by ISPA and ESPA form the basis of assessment in this study. A method of diagnostic survey was applied. Results. According to the ESPA, only 41% of spas can actually be classified as such, compared to 61% according to ISPA. As many as 22% of the hotels surveyed do not meet the requirements of such enterprises for either ESPA or ISPA. Inconsistent definitions of ESPA and ISPA lead to chaos in the wellness & spa market. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop a Polish definition which clearly defines the criteria for the classification of spa facilities and the possibility of their verification from the point of view of quality and compliance with planned standards.
Assessing knowledge of physical activity benefits in diabetic patients

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-05-27) Junger, Jan ; Dračková, Dana ; Buková, Alena ; Junger, Andrea ; Kuchelová, Zuzana

Background. The aim of this work was to examine the awareness of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) on the importance of physical activity (PA) in the prevention and treatment of their disease. Material and methods. The survey was completed by 178 respondents (47.3% women, 52.7% men), of whom 69.1% were dependent on exogenous insulin. Data was collected in April 2019 via a questionnaire given to patients at the Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine at the Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Slovakia. Results. More than half of the respondents admitted having insufficient information about their health condition, and a similar proportion felt lack of knowledge regarding exercise for their illness. As many as 69.1% of the patients reported inadequate help by their health care providers with regard to the do’s and dont’s of their disease, and 41.9% of respondents reported having no knowledgeable health care provider with whom to share their concerns. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that a substantial number of DM patients do not have adequate information about their health condition and how to improve it. On the other hand, nearly two-thirds of participants recognize that regular physical activity (PA) is an option to achieve positive changes.
Assessing the knowledge of cervical cancer by women from Biała Podlaska, Lubelskie Voivodeship

(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2021-01-18) Gładysz, Iwona

Background. In the female population, cervical cancer is classified as one of the too late diagnosed cancers. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Poland are among the highest in the European Union. The aim of the paper is the assessment of women’s knowledge about cervical cancer based on the study of the feminine population in the county of Biała Podlaska. Material and methods. The study covered a group of 172 women living in the county of Biała Podlaska, Lubelskie Voivodeship, Poland. The research tool was an original questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA v 10. program and the Pearson Chisquare test. Results. More than half of respondents (55.8%) indicated the following risk factors of cervical cancer: early onset of sexual life, many partners in a partner, infection of the cervix with HPV and herpes viruses, many deliveries, and smoking. The majority of respondents (62.2%) believe that cytology and gynecological examination are part of the preventive examination. Conclusions. 1. Respondents’ knowledge about the risk factors of cervical cancer is sufficient. 2. Respondents above 26 years of age possess knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination as a means of preventing cervical cancer. 3. Young women’s knowledge about HPV vaccination is insufficient.

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