2017, volume 10, issue 3

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/1307

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Przeglądanie 2017, volume 10, issue 3 według Tytuł

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    Administrative and taxation mechanisms supporting the purchase and maintenance of electric vehicles based on the example of Poland and other selected European countries / Administracyjne i podatkowe mechanizmy wsparcia zakupu i eksploatacji samochodów elektrycznych w Polsce i innych krajach europejskich
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Kasprzak, Piotr ; Sterniński, Robert
    Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this article is to review the current mechanisms of supporting the purchase of electric cars, with particular emphasis on tax reliefs and exemptions. Materials and methods: The research method consists of a review of literature, legal regulations and industry reports regarding the presented subject. Results: The authors analyzed the global electric car market, presenting the examples of the countries in which the share of electric vehicles has recently increased significantly in the total number of cars. In addition, current discounts and other preferences for the purchase of electric cars in European countries are presented together with future potential mechanism for buyers of electric in Poland. Conclusions: The price is the main economic determinate for buying the particular type of a car. The costs of acquiring and operating an electric car are currently higher than the costs for traditional combustion vehicles. However, the EU and European states’ authorities are processing to increase the popularity of electric cars, offering tax reliefs and other preferences with noticeably effects.
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    Conceptualization of geo-economic threats in small countries with transition economies / Konceptualizacja zagrożeń geoekonomicznych w małych państwach z gospodarkami przejściowymi
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Kvinikadze, Giorgi
    Subject and purpose of work: The main goal of this work is to identify and systematize the geoeconomic threats that directly affect the development of small countries with economies in transition. The subject of the study is geoeconomic security (GES) of small countries with economies in transition. As an independent variable is GES, and the dependent GES of Georgia. Materials and methods: The research is of an empirical nature, and belongs to the category of qualitative research. The case-study method is used as a basic methodological approach. Results: The future of the country should be viewed in a geo-economic context.The country’s security should be developed through economic cooperation, which would not only ensure stability and economic growth would also benefit both in terms of political and in the economic security. Conclusions: Georgia needs to fully use its geo-economic potential (both internal and external), which is a reliable source of weakening geo-economic threats.
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    Cooperation for the development of tourism in a region based on the example of local governments of municipalities within the valuable natural areas of the Lublin Province / Współpraca na rzecz rozwoju turystyki w regionie na przykładzie samorządów gmin przyrodniczo cennych województwa lubelskiego
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Guzal-Dec, Danuta
    Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the work was intra- and intersectoral cooperation between local governments for the development of tourism. The aim of the work was to evaluate the activity of local governments natural valuable areas of Lublin Province in undertaking co-operation in tourism. Materials and methods: The accomplishment of the objective was supported by the analysis of the literature of the subject and the results of the research carried out in 2013. The area of the study was composed of 30 municipalities of the highest ecological value group in Lublin Province. A diagnostic survey method was applied, with the use of an interview questionnaire which was addressed to village and town mayors. The additional source of information consisted of the web pages of municipal offices, organizations, which belonged to the surveyed local governments and statutes of these organizations. Results: It was shown that local governments within natural valuable areas did not sufficiently exploit diagonal co-operation in stimulating tourism development. The measures aimed at supporting tourism were characterized by lack of comprehensiveness. Only about one third of self-governments undertook comprehensive measures using forms of intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation. Conclusions: Further development and intensification of diagonal cooperation is postulated, as well as promotion of good practices.
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    Economic aspects of ceramic waste recycling through its use as aggregate in mineral-asphalt mixtures / Ekonomiczne aspekty recyklingu odpadów ceramicznych przez ich wykorzystanie jako kruszywa w mieszankach mineralno-asfaltowych
    ( 2017) Zegardło, Bartosz ; Andrzejuk, Wojciech ; Andrzejewicz, Urszula ; Nitychoruk, Jerzy
    Subject and purpose of work: This article is a continuation of ongoing research; whose primary aim was to show ceramic waste as a full-value substrate for the production of mineral-asphalt mixtures. The authors, basing on the examined characteristics of aggregate obtained in the process of crushing the socalled “ceramic cullet”, present the thesis that this material can be a full-fledged aggregate for concretes used in road construction. The authors emphasize ecological advantages of such a solution. The purpose of this research was to analyse whether such measures as those described above are economically justifiable. Materials and methods: In the article, based on business data, the costs were estimated and compared to the prices of the aggregates used by companies producing asphalt mixtures. Results: Economic comparisons have shown that the costs of described recycling were not satisfactory. Conclusions: Taking into account the ecological effect, it is recommended that ceramic waste is recycled by using it for the production of mineral-asphalt mixes for general use.
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    Economic theory of religion in the perspective of progressing secularisation / Ekonomiczna teoria religii w perspektywie postępującej sekularyzacji
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Romanowicz, Wiesław
    Subject and purpose of work: This work presents an economic theory of religion. Its aim is to gain insight into one of the modern concepts of religion in the perspective of secularisation. Materials and methods: While describing the essence of this theory, apart from personal views, also other opinions of contemporary sociologists of religion were used. Results: This study highlighted the fact that the presented concept has a diverse range of references and interprets religion in a specific way. It is a concept competing against the secularisation thesis, and its essence is in direct application of the rational choice theory and exchange theory. Conclusions: Approaching religion only through the formula of supply, significantly reduces the field of interpretation and does not explain all the mechanisms of religious changes in the contemporary world.
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    Energy demand for pálinka production and some practical issues of waste treatment / Zapotrzebowanie na energię przy produkcji pálinki i niektóre praktyczne zagadnienia dotyczące przerobu odpadów
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Harcsa, Imre Milán
    Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the article is to demonstrate the two possible way of pálinka distilling, also give a comparison about them regarding to the heating energy consumption. Also byproducts and wastes are presented including their utilization possibilities. Materials and methods: Based on practical experience it was created a model to calculate the difference between the two distiller systems. It has been elaborated the issues of the waste treatment by interviews at ten determinative Hungarian commercial distilleries. Results: The calculations shows that with the newer one-step distilling equipment the owner can reach about 25% energy saving. The results of the interviews shows that the full recycling of wastes is unprecedented in Hungarian distilling plants. Conclusions: The one-step distilling method is more energy efficient. It is recommended in newly built plants and should be considered to replace the traditional two-step ones.
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    Estimation of energy demand in a territorial government unit – methodological problems / Szacowanie zapotrzebowania na energię jednostki terytorialnej – problemy metodyczne
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Kowalczyk-Juśko, Alina ; Kościk, Bogdan
    Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study is to identify methodological problems, which may be encountered during the preparation of the energy balance of a territorial unit, along with indications of ways to solve them. Materials and methods: Problems were identified during the preparation of the energy balance for two selected rural communes and then they were investigated with reference to the literature on this subject. Results: Estimating the energy demand of a local government unit requires proper identification of the groups of energy consumers, divided into facilities owned or co-owned by communes and ones independent from commune authorities. The latter group is divided further, into households, businesses, farms. For each of the users different methods of obtaining data may be needed: a survey and analysis of statistical data, analysis of financial documents, evaluation of the buildings’ age. Generally, however, preparing an energy balance statement requires many simultaneous approaches, and the combination of multi-criterion analysis provides the most reliable picture of the problem. Conclusions: The scope of the data needed to compile an energy balance statement for local government units, depends on the purpose of the developed analysis. Methodological handbooks and training materials on this subject are helpful, but the developed methodologies may need to be modified and adapted to specific conditions.
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    Regional disparities in development – the case of Poland / Regionalne dysproporcje rozwojowe – przypadek Polski
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Pawlas, Iwona
    Subject and purpose of work: The paper focuses on identification and assessment of regional disparities in development of Poland in regard to demographic potential, economic development, social development and technical infrastructure in 2006, 2010 and 2015. Materials and methods: Research was conducted with the use of Central Statistical Office’s statistical information with the application of Hellwig’s taxonomic measure of development and standard deviation method of linearly ordered objects’ grouping. Results: Mazovian province was a leader in regard to demographic potential and economic development, while Silesian province took the first position in case of social development and technical infrastructure. The highest levels of synthetic measure of development were noted in Mazovian and Silesian provinces, while the lowest ones were observed in: Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Lubelskie provinces. Conclusions: Pro-development activities should be intensified in the regions with significantly lower level of socioeconomic development, worse equipment in technical infrastructure and weaker demographic potential.
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    Spatial diversity of municipal capital companies in Poland / Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie komunalnych spółek kapitałowych w Polsce
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2017) Satoła, Łukasz
    Subject and purpose of work: This article aims to identify the spatial diversity of Polish municipal services companies operating pursuant to the Commercial Companies Code. Materials and methods: The data from the database Structural changes of national economy entities in the REGON register was used. To evaluate the spatial diversity in the occurrence of municipal services companies, this article employed an indicator of the number of municipal capital companies per commune. Results: Although there is a clear spatial diversity among municipal services companies, their number in Poland increased significantly during the period 2005-2015. The majority of these companies operate in the most industrialised and urbanised regions. Conclusions: The form of a capital company in the municipal economy sector is the most suitable for a large scale of conducted operations. A small scale of operations, characteristic mainly of rural communes, predisposes them for applying the form of a budgetary establishment.