2024, Volume 17, Issue 4

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/2091

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Przeglądanie 2024, Volume 17, Issue 4 według Tytuł

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    An assessment of the nexus between good governance and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa / Ocena związku między skutecznym rządzeniem a wzrostem gospodarczym w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Simba, Hamis Miraji ; Nyadera, Israel Nyaburi
    Subject and purpose of work: This study investigates the nexus between good governance and GDP per capita within Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA), using a dynamic panel data set from 2005 to 2023. The study contributes a comprehensive investigation to the literature that links the previous and recent effects of good governance indicators on economic growth in Sub-Saharan African countries. Drawing on data from the World Development Indicators (WDI), World Governance Indicators (WGI), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the study examines 36 SSA countries through key governance indicators, including government effectiveness (GEF), government corruption control (GCC), political stability and absence of violence (PSA), regulatory quality (RQ), and rule of law (RL). Materials and methods: A two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (sys-GMM) estimator is employed to address endogeneity concerns, particularly the association between the lagged dependent variable and potential exogenous variables, as well as to control for biases, unobserved panel heterogeneity, and measurement errors. Results: Empirical findings indicate that: establishing government effectiveness structures yields a significant positive impact on GDP per capita, enhancing government corruption control mechanisms contributes substantially to GDP per capita by mitigating resource misallocation, and improvements in regulatory quality and adherence to rule of law are positively associated with GDP per capita. Conclusions: The study concludes that Sub-Saharan African countries should prioritize the development and enforcement of robust governance institutions to foster sustainable economic growth. By embedding good governance principles, Sub-Sahara Africa can strengthen its economic trajectory, ensuring the advancement of GDP per capita throughout the region.
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    Assessing the impact of livelihood diversification strategies on household food security among smallholder farmers in South-Western Nigeria / Ocena wpływu strategii dywersyfikacji źródeł utrzymania na bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe gospodarstw domowych wśród drobnych rolników w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Bamidele, Seun
    Subject and purpose of work: This study critically examines the role of livelihood diversification strategies in improving household food security among smallholder farmers in South-Western Nigeria. The objective is to explore how rural households adapt to challenges such as climate variability, limited access to resources, and economic instability through diversified income-generating activities. Specifically, the study investigates the impact of activities such as small-scale trade, local manufacturing, agricultural processing, wage labor, and remittances on food security outcomes. Materials and methods: The study conducts an extensive literature review of empirical and theoretical research, synthesizing data from studies that focus on agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of the different types of diversification strategies used by smallholder farmers and evaluates their effectiveness in stabilizing income and improving food security. The analysis considers various factors, including the socioeconomic and environmental contexts in which these activities are undertaken, to understand the nuances and varying impacts of diversification. Results: Key findings reveal that while livelihood diversification can serve as a buffer against income fluctuations, its success largely depends on factors such as resource availability, household capacity, and local infrastructure. Diversification through agricultural means, such as crop rotation or animal husbandry, often stabilizes food production, but may not fully mitigate income risks. Nonagricultural activities, such as trading or manufacturing, can contribute more directly to income stability, although these opportunities are often constrained by limited market access and infrastructure. Remittances provide a crucial safety net for some households, although this source of income is vulnerable to external economic factors. Conclusions: The study concludes that targeted livelihood diversification strategies can substantially improve food security in rural areas, especially when they are adapted to local socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions that support infrastructure development, market access, and training programs to expand viable livelihood options. By aligning theoretical insights with empirical evidence, the study offers actionable recommendations for policy makers to promote sustainable and inclusive food security solutions through diversified income sources for rural communities in South-Western Nigeria.
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    Development of tourism in the Białowieża Forest in 2020-2023 / Rozwój ruchu turystycznego na obszarze Puszczy Białowieskiej w latach 2020-2023
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Jalinik, Mikołaj ; Łuniewski, Stanisław
    Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the research undertaken was to present the development of tourism in the Białowieża Forest in the years 2020-2023. This was also the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of the research were facilities and institutions operating in the Białowieża Forest. Materials and methods: The research was presented based on the most attractive places and the frequency of their visits by tourists. The research used the following methods: direct in-depth interview, analysis of specialist literature, inductive and deductive. Results: Tourist traffic in the Białowieża Forest was different in individual years, and during the pandemic it decreased significantly, despite the presence of various advantages in this area. In the years 2020-2023, the largest number of tourists visited the European Bison Show Reserve. The fewest visited the Tourism and Promotion Center "Bison Land". Comparing the years studied, it should be noted that the lowest tourist traffic was recorded in 2021-2022. Conclusions: Despite the pandemic and the influx of refugees, tourist traffic took place, but for it to be more intensive, the number of anthropogenic attractions should be increased. This would "attract" domestic and foreign tourists even more.
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    Effectiveness of bankruptcy proceedings conducted via the National Register of Debtors portal in relation to households / Efektywność postępowań upadłościowych prowadzonych za pośrednictwem platformy Krajowy Rejestr Zadłużonych w stosunku do gospodarstw domowych
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Reczuch, Adam
    Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this article is to describe the effectiveness of consumer bankruptcy proceedings conducted remotely via the National Register of Debtors. The digitization of bankruptcy procedures should allow debtors to declare bankruptcy faster and more efficiently and lead to an effective reduction in the number of insolvent consumers and the scale of indebtedness; however, the number of insolvent consumers is still high. Materials and methods: In that article, analysis is based on critical analysis of the literature, scientific analysis of data on bankruptcy proceedings, the number of over-indebted consumers, the value of their debt, and the relation of consumer debt to GDP and shaping of "grey zone". Results: Digitization of bankruptcy proceedings has increased the effectiveness of this procedure because the vast majority of applicants are able to declare bankruptcy, and the duration of the proceedings has also been shortened, but almost 2.7 million people remain insolvent, and the value of consumer debt has been constantly increasing. Conclusions: Online bankruptcy procedures are not able to effectively reduce the phenomenon of household insolvency, which is one of the most important socio-economic challenges. Technological solutions have brought the expected results, but the bankruptcy procedure, despite its numerous liberalizations in recent years, did not reduce the number of over-indebted people and the value of their debt.
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    Impact of fluctuations in inflation rate on unemployment in Algeria: a SVAR approach / Wpływ wahań stopy inflacji na bezrobocie w Algierii: podejście SVAR
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Djamal, Dekkiche ; Fairouz, Chetayett Fairouz
    Subject and purpose of work: This article aims to analyze the relationship between inflation rates (INF) and unemployment rates (UR) in the Algerian economy during the period 1970-2021 by studying the extent to which the unemployment rate responds to shocks and structural changes that occur at the level of the inflation rate. Materials and methods: Use the structural VAR (SVAR) approach, based on RStudio output. Results: The estimation results provide strong evidence in favor of the VAR (SVAR) approach. Conclusions: The application of Impulse–Response Functions (IRFs) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that the occurrence of a structural shock in the inflation rate (INF) by one standard deviation leads to a positive effect on the unemployment rate (UNEM) at the beginning of the first period, and then it gradually decreases to become almost nonexistent. Therefore, the improvement in Consumer Price Index (CPI) leads to the absorption and reduction of unemployment rates (UR) to achieve stability and confirm the existence of the Phillips curve.
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    Intention of micro and small industry entrepreneurs toward using food delivery applications (case study in South Jakarta) / Intencje mikro i małych przedsiębiorców w zakresie korzystania z aplikacji do dostarczania żywności (studium przypadku w południowej Jakarcie)
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Nur, Hadi Hadi ; Rekarti, Endi
    Subject and purpose of work: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the variables of security, information quality, ease of use perceived usefulness, and perceived trust toward intention to use online food delivery applications. The study involved 218 micro and small industry entrepreneurs in the culinary field. Materials and methods: Researchers used SEM-PLS (Partial Least Square) as a technique used to analyze measurements and structural models. Results: This study shows that the variables of security, ease of use, and perceived usefulness have a significant positive effect on intention to use food delivery applications. Conclusions: Theoretical and practical implications, researchers need to test the variable of interest in using other variables and food delivery application providers need to pay attention to the behavior and characteristics of micro and small industry entrepreneurs to apply for food delivery applications in improving their business.
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    Outreach of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission through social and financial inclusion: progress since its inception / Zasięg National Rural Livelihoods Mission poprzez integrację społeczną i finansową: postęp od momentu powstania
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Gothwal, Pooja ; Siwach, Manoj
    Subject and purpose of work: The document is prepared with the objective of examining the outreach of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission through social and financial inclusion of women. Materials and methods: The study is based primarily on secondary data to measure the inclusion of women in the National Rural Livelihoods Mission. Here, the inclusion criterion involves two major heads such as social inclusion and financial inclusion. Results: The results of the study show that the implementation of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) has a positive impact on the social and financial inclusion of the rural poor. Conclusions: The study shows a tremendous growth in the number of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) formed and provided financial assistance after the implementation of NRLM in India.
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    Rationality in the management of personal finances of students in Poland in 2022-2023 / Racjonalność w zarządzaniu finansami osobistymi studentów w Polsce w latach 2022-2023
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Zaręba, Piotr ; Łukasiewicz, Igor
    Subject and purpose of work: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of economic conditions on the management of students' personal finances and to identify the prevailing approaches to managing students' personal finances in the 2022-2023. The research problem of this study is to determine the difference in the structure of personal finances and approaches to managing personal finances between students in general and a group of selected students at the John Paul II University in Biała Podlaska in 2022-2023. Materials and methods: The research methods employed in this study include the observational method, the monographic method, the diagnostic survey method, the method of analysis and criticism of the literature, the method of analysis and logical construction, and the heuristic method. A comparison has been made between the budgets of the sample population and those of students in general for the period 2022-2023, with an investigation of the reasons for differential income. Results: The results of the analysis and research indicate that the sample population of students is distinguished by a relatively lower level of average income, expenses, and savings compared to the general student group and per capita households. Income, expenses and savings of the student population are significantly influenced by the level of development of the locality of their permanent residence in terms of access to recreational, entertainment, and cultural services, as well as the structure of the labor market and financial dependence on the household budget. Conclusions: The majority of students in the sample population are financially dependent on their respective households, with the funds they receive from these households being spent almost entirely. The expenditures of the sample population are, on average, lower than those of students in general. This is due to two factors: the cheaper standard of living and the lower income level of the sample population's households.
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    RCEP vis-à-vis ASEAN-EU Relations: Convergence and Considerations / RCEP a stosunki ASEAN-UE: konwergencja i uwarunkowania
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Magno, Francisco ; Katigbak, Jovito Jose
    Subject and purpose of work: The participation of ASEAN member states (AMS) in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) alters the international economic environment and reshapes their development ties with the European Union (EU). Materials and methods: This article thus examines RCEP’s implications to EU, especially on trade, investment, and policy harmonization. Results: In particular, it presents both gains and barriers to deeper ASEAN-EU relations. On the one hand, the opportunities lie in ASEAN’s enhanced bargaining position and prospective initiatives in digital economy and sustainable development. On the other hand, challenges may arise from regulatory disparities and competitive demands. In addition, ASEAN is required to strike a balance between its obligations with RCEP and the EU.Conclusions: The article hance emphasizes the importance of strategic dialogue and cooperation to align standards, promote mutual benefits, and mainstream sustainable development in the evolving geopolitical context. It seeks to contribute to a profound understanding of how regional trade dynamics influence global development cooperation frameworks.
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    Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and European Union in Asia – India as regional determinant? / Regionalne Kompleksowe Partnerstwo Gospodarcze i Unia Europejska w Azji – Indie jako regionalny czynnik determinujący?
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30) Narayanan, Raviprasad
    Subject and purpose of work: Inner dynamics influence external processes of economic interaction between nations, trading blocs, and multilateral institutions. The flexibility and internal cohesion of domestic decision-making mechanisms creates conditions of forging ahead or adoption of stasis as reflex position during negotiations. The research article seeks to explain the policy making and reflex postures of India towards trade negotiations while seeking economic alliances to further commercial prosperity for the world’s largest democracy in population terms with the European Union. The inherent dynamism comes forward in economic policy making, exemplified by multiple channels and influences leading to fruition of acknowledging benefits over inertia. Materials and methods: A Comprehensive Economic Partnership with EU augurs national stolidity giving way to mutual economic interests beneficial, and a micro-macro linkage approach provides theoretical ballast to arguments made. Results: Pervasive regional differences and profound institutional economic crises with periodic flourishes of integration with global compacts are desultory. Bureaucracies in some countries are apprehensive of the encroaching of the market on their assumed decline in positional power within the political framework. Conclusions: The study suggests that institutional policy making regarding India is stuck in rigmarole of delay and dither by preventing innate regional wants to deepen commercialism by taking refuge in a plethora of rules, many incomprehensible and not in synchrony with contemporary times.