2024, Volume 17, Issue 4
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RekordAssessing the impact of livelihood diversification strategies on household food security among smallholder farmers in South-Western Nigeria / Ocena wpływu strategii dywersyfikacji źródeł utrzymania na bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe gospodarstw domowych wśród drobnych rolników w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30)Subject and purpose of work: This study critically examines the role of livelihood diversification strategies in improving household food security among smallholder farmers in South-Western Nigeria. The objective is to explore how rural households adapt to challenges such as climate variability, limited access to resources, and economic instability through diversified income-generating activities. Specifically, the study investigates the impact of activities such as small-scale trade, local manufacturing, agricultural processing, wage labor, and remittances on food security outcomes. Materials and methods: The study conducts an extensive literature review of empirical and theoretical research, synthesizing data from studies that focus on agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of the different types of diversification strategies used by smallholder farmers and evaluates their effectiveness in stabilizing income and improving food security. The analysis considers various factors, including the socioeconomic and environmental contexts in which these activities are undertaken, to understand the nuances and varying impacts of diversification. Results: Key findings reveal that while livelihood diversification can serve as a buffer against income fluctuations, its success largely depends on factors such as resource availability, household capacity, and local infrastructure. Diversification through agricultural means, such as crop rotation or animal husbandry, often stabilizes food production, but may not fully mitigate income risks. Nonagricultural activities, such as trading or manufacturing, can contribute more directly to income stability, although these opportunities are often constrained by limited market access and infrastructure. Remittances provide a crucial safety net for some households, although this source of income is vulnerable to external economic factors. Conclusions: The study concludes that targeted livelihood diversification strategies can substantially improve food security in rural areas, especially when they are adapted to local socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions that support infrastructure development, market access, and training programs to expand viable livelihood options. By aligning theoretical insights with empirical evidence, the study offers actionable recommendations for policy makers to promote sustainable and inclusive food security solutions through diversified income sources for rural communities in South-Western Nigeria.
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RekordRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and European Union in Asia – India as regional determinant? / Regionalne Kompleksowe Partnerstwo Gospodarcze i Unia Europejska w Azji – Indie jako regionalny czynnik determinujący?(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30)Subject and purpose of work: Inner dynamics influence external processes of economic interaction between nations, trading blocs, and multilateral institutions. The flexibility and internal cohesion of domestic decision-making mechanisms creates conditions of forging ahead or adoption of stasis as reflex position during negotiations. The research article seeks to explain the policy making and reflex postures of India towards trade negotiations while seeking economic alliances to further commercial prosperity for the world’s largest democracy in population terms with the European Union. The inherent dynamism comes forward in economic policy making, exemplified by multiple channels and influences leading to fruition of acknowledging benefits over inertia. Materials and methods: A Comprehensive Economic Partnership with EU augurs national stolidity giving way to mutual economic interests beneficial, and a micro-macro linkage approach provides theoretical ballast to arguments made. Results: Pervasive regional differences and profound institutional economic crises with periodic flourishes of integration with global compacts are desultory. Bureaucracies in some countries are apprehensive of the encroaching of the market on their assumed decline in positional power within the political framework. Conclusions: The study suggests that institutional policy making regarding India is stuck in rigmarole of delay and dither by preventing innate regional wants to deepen commercialism by taking refuge in a plethora of rules, many incomprehensible and not in synchrony with contemporary times.
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RekordRCEP vis-à-vis ASEAN-EU Relations: Convergence and Considerations / RCEP a stosunki ASEAN-UE: konwergencja i uwarunkowania(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30)Subject and purpose of work: The participation of ASEAN member states (AMS) in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) alters the international economic environment and reshapes their development ties with the European Union (EU). Materials and methods: This article thus examines RCEP’s implications to EU, especially on trade, investment, and policy harmonization. Results: In particular, it presents both gains and barriers to deeper ASEAN-EU relations. On the one hand, the opportunities lie in ASEAN’s enhanced bargaining position and prospective initiatives in digital economy and sustainable development. On the other hand, challenges may arise from regulatory disparities and competitive demands. In addition, ASEAN is required to strike a balance between its obligations with RCEP and the EU.Conclusions: The article hance emphasizes the importance of strategic dialogue and cooperation to align standards, promote mutual benefits, and mainstream sustainable development in the evolving geopolitical context. It seeks to contribute to a profound understanding of how regional trade dynamics influence global development cooperation frameworks.
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RekordAn assessment of the nexus between good governance and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa / Ocena związku między skutecznym rządzeniem a wzrostem gospodarczym w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2025-01-30)Subject and purpose of work: This study investigates the nexus between good governance and GDP per capita within Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA), using a dynamic panel data set from 2005 to 2023. The study contributes a comprehensive investigation to the literature that links the previous and recent effects of good governance indicators on economic growth in Sub-Saharan African countries. Drawing on data from the World Development Indicators (WDI), World Governance Indicators (WGI), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the study examines 36 SSA countries through key governance indicators, including government effectiveness (GEF), government corruption control (GCC), political stability and absence of violence (PSA), regulatory quality (RQ), and rule of law (RL). Materials and methods: A two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (sys-GMM) estimator is employed to address endogeneity concerns, particularly the association between the lagged dependent variable and potential exogenous variables, as well as to control for biases, unobserved panel heterogeneity, and measurement errors. Results: Empirical findings indicate that: establishing government effectiveness structures yields a significant positive impact on GDP per capita, enhancing government corruption control mechanisms contributes substantially to GDP per capita by mitigating resource misallocation, and improvements in regulatory quality and adherence to rule of law are positively associated with GDP per capita. Conclusions: The study concludes that Sub-Saharan African countries should prioritize the development and enforcement of robust governance institutions to foster sustainable economic growth. By embedding good governance principles, Sub-Sahara Africa can strengthen its economic trajectory, ensuring the advancement of GDP per capita throughout the region.