2024, Volume 17, Issue 2
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RekordEconomic and social exclusion in the European Community in the years 2011-2022 / Wykluczenie ekonomiczno-społeczne we Wspólnocie Europejskiej w latach 2011-2022(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-06-28)Subject and purpose of work: The subject-matter and aim of this paper is to present the extent of poverty and economic and social exclusion in the countries of the European Union (EU-27). The specific aim is the comparative assessment and reduction of these processes between 2011 and 2022. Material and methods: The paper is based on an analysis of official EUROSTAT statistics. The TOPSIS taxonomic method was used for comparative evaluation, making it possible to measure and assess synthetically the variation of poverty across countries in dynamic terms for the selected years 2011, 2016 and 2022. Results: On the basis of the collected empirical material, a multivariate synthetic assessment of the level of economic and social exclusion in all EU-27 member states was made. The extent of the variation and changes in this process were compared in dynamic terms using the taxonomic approach. Conclusions: The analysis of the results confirmed the existence of considerable variation in the occurrence of the “components” of economic and social exclusion. The results of the multivariate analysis helped made it possible to prepare a ranking and typology of similarities between countries. The analysis confirms the partial achievement of the poverty-reducing goals of the EU strategies, although not to the same extent and in the same pace, by EU countries.
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RekordLoan repayment behavior of beneficiary farmers in primary agricultural cooperative societies in Haryana (India) / Zachowania rolników-beneficjentów w podstawowych spółdzielniach rolniczych w stanie Hariana (Indie) w zakresie spłaty pożyczek(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-06-28)Subject and purpose of work: The study examined the loan repayment behavior of beneficiary farmers in Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies in the State of Haryana, India. Material and methods: The findings were based on primary as well as secondary data. The secondary data was collected for the period of 2006-2007 to 2018-2019. The primary data was collected in the second quarter of 2022. Results: The study concluded that year-wise the maximum percentage of defaulter farmers was 34.97% in 2008- 2009 due to the debt relief scheme announced by the Government of India in 2008. Furthermore, it revealed that about 75% of beneficiary farmers repaid their loans regularly after receiving the benefit of interest subvention at 7% by the government of India and the state government. The findings on primary data concluded that most farmers have been repaying their loans regularly, and less than 10% of beneficiary farmers defaulted. The main reason for the default was a loan without security and the anticipation of a loan waive-off scheme. About 19% of beneficiary farmers have been repaying their loans irregularly due to the short time within which loan repayments needed to be made.
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RekordEuropean values: a comparative culture analysis / Europejskie wartości: porównawcza analiza kulturowa(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-06-28)Subject and purpose of work: This study investigates the contradictions within European values and the challenges to social inclusivity, advocating for a broader perspective that recognises diverse historical and cultural contexts. It critiques Eurocentrism and explores alternative views such as Islam, Afrocentrism, and Ubuntu, proposing a more inclusive framework for global human rights and values, as well as research on social-economic development. Material and methods: The paper uses legal, historical and political methods to analyse the European Union’s foundational in the context of rising intolerance and debates on immigration and LGBT rights, drawing on theoretical insights to highlight the significance of non-Western perspectives. Main sources are historic records and monographs by other authors. Results: The authors identify the complexities within European values, emphasising the need for a more inclusive understanding that transcends Eurocentric narratives in the dimensions of social and economic development. Conclusions: Advocating for an expanded dialogue on human rights, this study suggests incorporating diverse cultural philosophies to enhance Europe’s approach to inclusivity and unity.
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RekordThe development of Southeast Asia’s digital economy: current status, development motivation and challenges / Rozwój gospodarki cyfrowej w Azji Południowo-Wschodniej: aktualny stan, motywacja do rozwoju i wyzwania(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-06-28)Subject and purpose of work: This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the digital economy in Southeast Asia (SEA). It evaluates SEA’s digital economy industry from various perspectives, analysing the reasons for its rapid development as a non-core innovation area of the digital economy. Material and methods: A comprehensive literature review and descriptive methodology were used to produce this paper. The methods used included defining the evaluation criteria of the digital economy and summarising and sorting out the development of SEA’s digital economy. Results: With respect to theory, this paper analyses the current status of SEA’s digital economy, which helps deepen our understanding of the new trends in SEA’s economic development. As regards practicalities, it provides suggestions for how SEA countries can further improve the development model of the digital economy. Conclusions: The paper assesses SEA’s digital economy and identifies the driving factors that enable the region to rapidly develop digital economy industries. The first set of factors are national-level policies, a unified market, population structure, and mobile penetration rate. The second set of factors are regional, as SEA can benefit from digital economic spillover from countries such as China and the United States. The third set of factors is global. The transfer of the global industrial chain has also facilitated the development of the digital economy in the region. This paper hypothesises that national-level factors are decisive, enabling a non-core innovation area such as SEA to develop rapidly, while regional-level and global-level factors are auxiliary.
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RekordThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional economic integration in the Maghreb region – an Algerian perspective / Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na regionalną integrację gospodarczą w regionie Maghrebu – perspektywa Algierii(Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-06-28)Subject and purpose of work: This article focuses on the most evident effects of COVID-19 influenced by the elements of the regional economic landscape, emphasizing the importance of shock and crisis management plans. Algeria could benefit from revitalizing the construction of the North African bloc and enhancing cooperation in the Maghreb. The main objective of this work is to identify the most urgent challenges related to the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on the regional economic landscape, and the economic integration of Algeria highlights the importance of shock and crisis management plans. Material and methods: This study is based on a descriptive statistical analysis of the key economic indicators in the Maghreb region, with a special emphasis on Algeria. Results: The results obtained have allowed us to outline the strategies adopted by Maghreb countries as part of economic reforms aimed at strengthening regional integration. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges for elements of the regional economic landscape in the Maghreb. The countries of the Maghreb should reduce barriers to trade and investment and link their infrastructure networks. They should focus their efforts on liberalizing trade in goods and services, as well as financial and labour markets.