2020, Volume 14, Issue 3

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/210

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Przeglądanie 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3 według Data wydania

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  • Rekord
    Characteristics and occurrence of coronaviruses in humans and animals
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-07-26) Weiner, Marcin ; Tarasiuk, Karolina
    Coronaviruses occurring in humans and animals are a diverse group of pathogens, characterized by high variability and tropism. The most serious animal diseases caused by coronaviruses include equine coronavirus disease (E-CoV), canine coronavirus disease (C-CoV), rabbit enteric coronavirus disease (Rb-CoV), infectious bronchitis in poultry (IB-CoV), epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets, in pigs: transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus disease (TGE), human enteric coronavirus disease (HE-CoV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), in cattle (Bo-CoV): neonatal calf diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, winter dysentery in cattle, in cats: feline enteric coronavirus disease (FE-CoV) and feline infectious peritonitis (FIP-CoV). To date, three major epidemics causing severe respiratory diseases in humans (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) have been reported. Due to the high morbidity and mortality rate, coronavirus-induced diseases in animals result in serious economic losses. The current human COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the need for action to modernize and improve diagnostics in this area, but also to develop innovative immunoprophylactic and therapeutic methods.
  • Rekord
    Investigation of physical activity and sports consumption habits in university students
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-08-13) Rapoca, Bense ; Melczer, Csaba ; Rozmann, Nóra ; Károlyi, Tímea ; Takacs, Gyula ; Doma, Valentina ; Prémusz, Viktória ; Pintér, Márton ; Macharia, John ; Ács, Pongrác
    Background. Adequate level of physical activity helps and provides optimal body function. Understanding the sports consumption and physical activity indicators of young adults helps to develop strategies that can help to understand the economic and health background of endemic diseases. Material and methods. We conducted cross-sectional research at the University of Pécs, Hungary, in 2018. We used an anonymous, self-edited, self-administered online questionnaire. The questions related to demographics, physical activity, sport and health motivation, and lifestyle. Our aim was to characterize the physical activity and sports consumption habits of the students. Results. In terms of health status and quality of life, the whole sample (n=197) marked theirs as better than average. In the case of sports motivation, we hypothesized that there would be a significant difference between gender; apart from fitness status (p=0.64), we found significantly different motivation levels in each case. In terms of physical activity, women were more engaged in housework and transport, whilst men were more active in free time and work. Conclusions. Our sample’s health status and quality of life is adequate. Men’s physical activity exceeds women, however, when comparing activity-related MET (metabolic equivalent of task) between the sexes, we did not find significant differences in any case (p≥0.05).
  • Rekord
    Comparison of cardiopulmonary changes during cycle and treadmill tests
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-09-02) Nagy, Dóra ; Horváth, Zoltán ; Melczer, Csaba ; Derkács, Evelin ; Ács, Pongrác ; Oláh, András
    Background. Our pilot study aimed to investigate cardiopulmonary differences between vita maxima incremental cycle and treadmill tests among elite youth cyclists. Material and methods. 8 elite youth cyclists (6 male, 2 female; age: 17.125±1.8 years) completed a cycle ergometer test using a road racing bike on a Tacx Smart Flux roller, followed by a vita maxima treadmill test 48 hours later. Aerobic capacity, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic parameters were measured during both tests. Results. Based on the paired sample t-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the maximal load values (W) on the treadmill were significantly higher (t=3.52; p<0.05) than in the cycle test. Volume of utilized oxygen (VO2; ml/min) and volume of exhaled CO2 ( VCO2; ml/min) values (t=4.76 and t=3.45; p<0.05), maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax; g/day) (t=4.34; p<0.05), maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max; ml/kg/min) (t=4.9; p<0.05) and rate of oxygen consumption at lactate threshold (VO2atLT; ml/kg/min) (t=4.04; p<0.05) also showed significantly higher values than in treadmill test. Pearson’s correlation study showed significant correlation between VO2atLT, and most other parameters (VO2, ventilation (VE; BTPS l/min), load at lactate threshold (load at LT), energy expenditure (EE; g/day)). Conclusions. The differences in results may be because of sport-specific adaptation to cycling and the characteristics of running and cycling, such as the different muscle contraction composition (concentric and eccentric) and different metabolic demands. These findings must be taken into account when testing cyclists on a treadmill, and planning their training loads based on these results.
  • Rekord
    Impact of COVID-19 on the physical activity and well-being of Hungarian athletes and sports professionals
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Szabó, Tünde ; Stocker, Miklós ; Ács, Pongrác ; Morvay-Sey, Kata ; Pálvölgyi, Ágnes ; Laczkó, Tamás
    Background. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on regular activities and lifestyles in Hungary in the second quarter of 2020. In this study, we identify the physical activity and mental well-being changes in the Hungarian sport sector. Material and methods. A questionnaire, which included internationally validated items, was created to survey members of the sporting sector in Hungary. In June 2020, we obtained 840 valid responses, the age and gender profile of which were closely representative of the overall population. The results were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. Physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic changed significantly (p<0.001) in the Hungarian sport sector, decreasing by 166±1128 minutes (mean±SD) per week, on average. Women (-286±980 weekly minutes) and children’s (-304±951 weekly minutes) physical activity decreased the most, whereas that of middle-aged (-83±1024 weekly minutes) and graduates (-99±982 weekly minutes) decreased the least. Greater well-being was felt during the pandemic by those who were either more physically active, or could even increase their physical activity. Conclusions. Even in the sport sector, the more physically active people are, the greater their well-being. Therefore, promotion of physical activity becomes even more important in challenging times.
  • Rekord
    A preliminary study on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sporting behavior, mindfulness and well-being
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Pálvölgyi, Ágnes ; Makai, Alexandra ; Prémusz, Viktória ; Trpkovici, Melinda ; Ács, Pongrác ; Betlehem, József ; Morvay-Sey, Kata
    Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected individual well-being negatively; to mitigate the impact, psychological resources are required. Material and methods. Both the WHO WBI-5: 5-item World Health Organization Well Being Index and MAAS: Brown and Ryan (2003) Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale were utilized in this study on 827 university students (age 25.29±8.09). Statistical Package IBM SPSS v 24 was used and significance level was set at p≤0.05. Results. We found significant positive correlation between dispositional mindfulness and well-being (R=0.347; p=0.001). Significant differences in mindfulness and well-being were noted between the regularly physically active and non-active groups (Z=-2.850; p=0.004; and Z=-2.152; p=0.031, respectively). The population was subdivided into 3 groups (1) professional athlete; (2) recreational athlete; (3) inactive; we found significant differences in mindfulness (Chi-square value=14.406; p=0.001) and well-being (Chi-square value=19.341; p<0.001) across the group. In paired analysis we found significant differences in mindfulness between groups 1-2 (Z=-2.885; p<0.001), 1-3 (Z=-3.537; p<0.001) and 2-3 (Z=-2.130; p=0.033). Significant differences in well-being were observed between groups 1-3 (Z=-2.273; p=0.023) and 2-3 (Z=-4.235; p<0.001). We found significant differences regarding the duration (Chi-square value=342.856; p<0.001) and number of trainings before and during quarantine (Chi-square value=214.552; p<0.001). Conclusions. Intensive and regular physical activity facilitates the psychological factors which support individual well-being. Exercising regularly and/or competitively appears to offer a protective effect on mental health.
  • Rekord
    Effects of COVID-19 on physical activity behavior among university students: results of a Hungarian online survey
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Ács, Pongrác ; Prémusz, Viktória ; Morvay-Sey, Kata ; Pálvölgyi, Ágnes ; Trpkovici, Melinda ; Elbert, Gabor ; Melczer, Csaba ; Makai, Alexandra
    Background. Due to COVID-19, social isolation and home confinement have changed daily behavior in Hungary since the pandemic hit in early 2020. This study aimed to examine physical activity (PA) patterns among young adults before and during distancing and lockdown safety measures. Material and methods. We recruited 827 students online across 10 faculties at the University of Pécs during April and May 2020. PA level (IPAQ-SF) and self-rated physical and mental health status were examined. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results. Students’ perceived mental health status proved to be worse than perceived physical health, while the percentage of individuals who did not engage in any sports decreased from 37.61% to 29.26%. Total PA levels and walking times were decreased, while sitting time significantly increased (p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between perceived physical health and total PA (R=0.215, p<0.001) as well as between perceived mental health and walking (R=0.091, p=0.009) and total PA (R=0.106, p=0.002). Conclusions. We found decreased amounts of PA among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic period, which highlights the need to promote a physically active lifestyle in cases of social restrictions.
  • Rekord
    Influencing factors of sport activities among the EU’s population based on the Eurobarometer 2018
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Paár, Dávid ; Ács, Pongrác ; Laczkó, Tamás
    Background. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between demographic, sociocultural, socioeconomic and sports infrastructural factors affecting the frequency of regular sports activity among the adult population in the European Union, with the help of an individual-level research. Material and methods. The data analyzed are from the Special Eurobarometer 472 Sport and Physical Activity survey, conducted in 2017. All respondents (n=28,031) were over 15 years of age and resident in one of the 28 EU member states. Descriptive statistical methods, chi-square tests and binary logistic regression model were used in the analysis. Results. Regular sports activity was significantly influenced by demographic factors (age and gender), quality of life factors (health status and life satisfaction) and sports infrastructural factors from the 12 factors included in the regression model. The sports habits of adults living in the EU are also significantly influenced by sociocultural, as well as socioeconomic factors. Conclusions. This paper highlights that social, cultural and economic structures, as well as the infrastructural factors of sport played a key role in shaping the sports habits of the EU adult population in 2017.
  • Rekord
    A comparison of sporting activities across the Visegrad group countries
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Laczkó, Tamás ; Makai, Alexandra ; Prémusz, Viktória ; Ács, Pongrác ; Paár, Dávid
    Background. EU efforts to exploit the positive social impact of sport have also been a priority in the Visegrad (V4) countries over the past decade. Our analysis aimed to compare the frequency of sports activities among the V4 countries’ population and the effects of demographic, quality of life, sociocultural, socioeconomic, and sports infrastructural factors. Material and methods. The data analyzed are from the Special Eurobarometer 472 Sport and Physical Activity survey, conducted in 2017. All respondents (n=4,174) were over 15 years of age and resident in one of the four Visegrad countries. Frequency distribution, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models (including 12 explanatory variables and regular sports as independent variable) were used. Results. Hungary had the highest rate (16%) of respondents participating in sporting activity at least three times a week, while the Czech Republic had the highest rate of weekly regularity (31%), and the lowest inactivity rate (42%). In Poland, the inactivity rate was 62%. Age, education, and social status had a significant effect on the frequency of sports in all four countries. Conclusions. This paper highlights the slowly changeable role of demographic, sociocultural, and socioeconomic structures in influencing the frequency of sporting activity among the V4 countries, and underlines the potentially quick impact of sports infrastructure.
  • Rekord
    The effect of differing levels of physical activity on dispositional mindfulness, trait anxiety, and trait aggression
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Pálvölgyi, Ágnes ; Ács, Pongrác ; Betlehem, József ; Morvay-Sey, Kata
    Background. Regular sporting activity can lead to favorable personality changes in addition to positive psychological effects. Our goal was to examine and compare university freshmen with differing sporting habits, so we measured athletes who are competitors (1), regularly active but non-competitor athletes (2) and inactive students (3). Material and methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among volunteer university freshmen (mean age 18.98 years) from the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs (Hungary) (n=109). We used self-edited sociodemographic and sporting habits questions and validated, standardized paper-and-pencil tests: Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale, and the Buss and Perry’s Aggression Questionnaire. Results. Using an independent sample T-test, we found that athletes who are competitors (1) showed significantly higher dispositional mindfulness levels (t=-2.050; p=.043) and significantly lower anxiety levels (t=3.370; p=.001) than the inactive group (3). Considering trait aggression, we found significant difference only in the subscale anger among those students who practice sport regularly and those who are inactive (p=.050, Z=-1.933). The trait aggression total score did not exhibit a relationship with sporting activity in our sample. Conclusions. Intensive and regular physical activity facilitates psychological factors which support individual well-being.
  • Rekord
    Prevalence and correlates of physical activity among public healthcare workers in Hungary
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Rovo, Gyongyver ; Makai, Alexandra ; Prémusz, Viktória ; Baumann, Petra ; Laczkó, Tamás ; Betlehem, József ; Ács, Pongrác ; Oláh, András
    Background. Due to unfavorable working conditions, health professionals often suffer several psychosomatic and somatic symptoms. Although these symptoms could be relieved by physical activity, their lifestyles are often inadequate. We assessed the physical activity levels of workers in the Hungarian healthcare system through the lens of occupational health. Material and methods. We surveyed the physical activity levels of 285 healthcare workers using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ – Long Form). SPSS 24.0 was used to perform statistical analysis.Results. According to their overall MET/minute/week values, participants were divided into 3 groups based on physical activity levels: insufficient, sufficient, and high physical activity. The most populated activity category was the high physical activity category with a result of 90.68%. Occupational activity accounted for one-third (32.01%) of total activity scores while leisure time activity accounted for 11.52% of total activity. Correlation analysis was carried out focused on Body Mass Index (BMI), age, and physical activity (PA). Only leisure time activity showed a significant correlation (p<0.05).Conclusions. Our research acknowledges that physical activity during working hours with respect to the target group does not contribute to physical activity in leisure time.
  • Rekord
    Temporomandibular joint disorder in patients with Parkinson’s disease – a pilot study
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-10-09) Baumann, Petra ; Sági, Anna ; Perjés, Beatrix ; Prémusz, Viktória ; Ács, Pongrác ; Marada, Gyula ; Kovács, Norbert ; Radnai, Márta
    Background. The number of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is increasing in clinical dental practice. Our study aimed to determine whether a correlation between Parkinson’s disease and TMD symptoms can be established.Material and methods. The anamnestic and clinical dysfunctional indices and the correlations related to the quality of life (SF 36, QoL) of Parkinson’s disease patients (PG, n=35) and healthy controls (CG, n=42) were examined in a cross-sectional study. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 24.0 software.Results. The mean value (7.0±7.7) of the PG in the OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) questionnaire was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of the CG (2.0±3.7). The ratio of belonging to the asymptomatic (Ai0) group was higher in the CG (71.4%) than in the PG (45.7%). The number of moderate or severe symptoms (DiII and DiIII) was higher in the PG (37.1%) than in the CG (2.4%). The mean value of QoL of the PG (60.9±20.1) was significantly lower (p<0.001) than that of the CG (75.9±15.3).Conclusions. Results of the study support that patients with Parkinson’s disease have a higher incidence of TMD. Using the SF-36, we were able to quantify lower QoL of the PG.