2024, Volume 18, Issue 4

Stały URI dla tej kolekcji

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/2010

Przeglądaj

Przeglądanie 2024, Volume 18, Issue 4 według Data wydania

Przejdź do punktu w indeksie:
  • Rekord
    Prevalence of being overweight and of obesity and associated factors among secondary school children in the Kurdistan region of Iraq
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-03-01) Abdulmajeed, Ayoub Abid ; Haleem, Azad Abdul Jabar ; Abdulah, Deldar Morad
    Background. Early identification of obesity is crucial for effective control, treatment, and prevention of complications. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors connected with children being overweight and with obesity among secondary school students. Material and methods. In this cross-sectional study, 550 children were included from 32 schools in Duhok City, Iraqi Kurdistan, between November 2021 and April 2022. Results. The mean age of the children was 15.54 years (13-18 years). Half of them engaged in regular physical activity. Most were normal sleepers (58.55%), followed by long sleepers (37.27%), and short sleepers (4.18%). The majority consistently consumed breakfast (66.91%), lunch (83.27%), and dinner (89.64%), with 53.27% having extra portions. A significant proportion regularly consumed junk food: 52.0% up to 3 times per week, and 39.46% more than 3 times. Regarding sugar-sweetened beverages, 89.64% drank them, primarily 1-3 times per day (85.09%). The prevalence of overweight children and obesity among school children was 13.27% and 14.91%, respectively. Females were more likely to be overweight (16.77%), while males were more likely to be obese (13.68%; p=0.023). Conclusions. The prevalence of obesity and being overweight is relatively high in children in Duhok city. The study revealed that being male and having overweight or obese fathers were significant predictors of the prevalence of obesity among school children.
  • Rekord
    Utilizing the dominance index to evaluate microbial contamination on pharmacy room displays
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-03-08) Kravets, Nataliia ; Malinovska, Lubov ; Romanyuk, Lidiya
    Background. In many countries, including Ukraine, pharmacies are required to adhere to rigorous safety and service quality standards. Material and methods. The samples were obtained from 26 pharmacy premises, including pharmacy showcases and separating partitions. The dominance index was calculated by considering how frequently a particular microorganism species appeared within the sample population. Results. The results of the bacteriological analysis of 26 samples taken from pharmacy room displays revealed 74 strains of microorganisms from 11 different genera of bacteria and Candida fungi. Based on the dominance index, Micrococcus, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus are considered constant, with an index exceeding 50.01%, while the remaining representatives of both Gram-positive (Streptococcus spp.) and Gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter spp., Neisseria spp., Escherichia spp., Yersinia spp., Klebsiella spp., and Moraxella spp.) and fungi Candida spp. microbiota should be classified as infrequent, ranging from 1.01% to 19.01%. Conclusions. The study of samples revealed the presence of 12 genera of microorganisms that contaminated the surfaces of pharmacy showcases. The identified microorganisms belong to the permanent or temporary microbiota of human skin, respiratory tract, and air. With regard to the results of bacteriological analysis; it is important to emphasize that the isolated species of microorganisms are characteristic of such types of investigated objects.
  • Rekord
    Lifestyle profile of future social science experts: a transitional model
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-03-08) Bostan, Simona ; Gavrila-Ardelean, Mihaela ; Gavrila-Ardelean, Liviu
    Background. Nowadays, obesity has become a public health problem that requires a multidisciplinary approach in prevention and therapy. In this context, the research aims to highlight some aspects that can be used in the management of obesity prevention, starting from personal motivation as a determining factor of individuals’ behaviors. Material and methods. The objective of this study was to apply, using a pioneering method, the previously existing instrument “Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II” among students within the field of social sciences from Romanian universities (496 respondents). The statistical program used for the analysis of the results was SPSS statistics v26. Results. The results revealed correlations between the Body Mass Index profile of respondents, their motivation, nutritional habits, adoption of a healthy lifestyle, and participation in health courses. Conclusions. The study provided conclusions supported by the results, as well as implications for practice. Statistically, the newly constructed concept of motivation was found to be related to the overall score of healthy lifestyle and nutrition.
  • Rekord
    Muscle activity in the context of ergonomic workspace optimalization for administrative staff during computer use
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-04-08) Prycl, David ; Zaatar, Amr ; Tuček, David ; Chmelík, Radek ; Macurová, Lucie ; Urbánek, Tomáš ; Kunčar, Aleš ; Vorlíček, Michal
    Background. In the prevalent sedentary work environment, where administrative professionals spend 82% of their time seated, this study delves into the musculoskeletal impact of prolonged sitting. Focusing on electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity in various positions, the research explores discomfort disparities between administrative workers and a control group, offering insights for challenges associated with extended sitting. Material and methods. Engaging 31 participants aged 30-40, the study investigates lateralization and discomfort in administrative workers versus a control group. Employing EMG and a Body Part Discomfort Assessment Checklist, the measurements adhere to ergonomic standards. Ethically approved, the study utilizes statistical analyses, uncovering the musculoskeletal effects of occupational postures. Results. EMG muscle activity in left and right upper limb extensors and flexors during diverse postures revealed no significant differences within or between administrative workers and the control group. Discomfort assessments displayed a non-significant trend, with the control group reporting slightly higher discomfort than administrative workers. Conclusions. The findings suggest short-term corrections minimally affect EMG activity, showcasing adaptability to adverse conditions. Administrative workers exhibit lower discomfort during uncorrected sitting, emphasizing adaptability. Although average EMG activity displays no significant difference, further investigations, including pressure algometry, are vital for nuanced insights into the relationship between EMG activity and subjective discomfort in ergonomic interventions.
  • Rekord
    Management of type 2 diabetes
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-04-08) Albajy, Maitham Abdallah ; Mihailescu, Dan Florin
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the more common form of diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion; this occurs during the progression of T2DM, and high blood glucose levels. T2DM, a prevalent metabolic condition, arises from the dual causes of impaired insulin production by pancreatic β-cells and the inadequate response of insulin-sensitive tissues to insulin. It poses a significant public health concern, impacting both health and quality of life. Individuals with T2DM may have normal fasting glucose levels. The pathophysiology of T2DM is characterized by a combination of insufficient insulin production and reduced responsiveness to insulin, both of which are associated with the presence of inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream and elevated levels of fatty acids. These factors result in impaired glucose transport into the cells that need it, increased breakdown of fat, and heightened production of glucose by the liver. It is crucial to establish a diagnostic framework, provide medication such as sulfonylureas or insulin, and incorporate dietary and physical activity interventions. Managing cholesterol and blood pressure alongside hyperglycemia control is essential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems. While SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agents offer cardiovascular benefits, they should complement, not replace, statin therapy and blood pressure control for effective cardiovascular risk reduction.
  • Rekord
    Physical activity as dementia prevention
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-04-29) Karp, Paulina ; Gabryszewski, Mateusz ; Karp, Katarzyna
    We read with great interest the paper by Yamasaki, published in “Brain Sciences”. In this article, the author described the cognitive effects of physical activity and exercise in healthy seniors and patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In our opinion, this article highlights the very important issue of physical activity in preventing dementia, which is the seventh disorder causing death and one of the main causes of seniors’ disability and dependency.
  • Rekord
    Serological status of hunters and their family members in relation to risk of HEV infections
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-05-29) Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Dyrda, Andżelika ; Andrzejuk, Patrycja ; Plewik, Dorota ; Szepeluk, Adam ; Paszkiewicz, Justyna ; Zarębska, Marta ; Pańczuk, Anna
    Background. The aim of the study was to assess the HEV serological status in inhabitants of the Lublin Province, Poland, including subjects involved in hunting activities and their family members. Material and methods. The study group comprised 594 subjects from the Lublin Province, i.e. hunters (23%), members of hunters’ families (19%) and subjects (58%) that are not engaged in hunting activities. The determination of the presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies in the serum was carried out in two stages (ELISA, Western blot). Results. The presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies was confirmed in 9.7% of the subjects. In the individual groups, positive anti-HEV IgG results were obtained in 8.1% of the hunters (8.1%), 9.5% of the members of hunters’ families, and in 10.5% of those not involved in hunting. A relationship was found between the anti-HEV IgG positive results and participation in the processing of game meat declared by the members of hunters’ families. Conclusions. Participation in the processing of game meat may be an important factor in human exposure to HEV infection. Dietary habits, such as game meat consumption, are also of great importance in this regard. For this reason, it is important to raise the awareness of zoonoses, HEV transmission routes and food safety in subjects from the risk groups and in the general population.
  • Rekord
    Navigating climate challenges: strategic directions for a sustainable future
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-06-13) Goniewicz, Krzysztof ; Khorram-Manesh, Amir ; Burkle, Frederick
    This paper delves into six critical pathways to effectively address the climate crisis: (1) reinventing food systems, (2) preparing for population shifts, (3) upholding human rights, (4) investing in clean energy, (5) educating for a climate-conscious society, and (6) securing financial and political support. It underscores the need to make food systems resource-efficient and biodiversity-conscious. It emphasizes preparing for and managing population shifts due to climate-induced migrations with a specific focus on public health capacity and surveillance. Upholding human rights, particularly in the face of climate change-related challenges, is discussed in depth, highlighting the importance of social safety nets and policy safeguards. The report advocates for substantial investment in clean energy, including solar and wind power, and underscores the crucial role of energy efficiency. The significance of climate education is explored, emphasizing its role in fostering a climate-conscious society. The necessity of coordinated financial backing and strong political will in implementing climate strategies is also discussed. The paper concludes by affirming that collective will, global solidarity, and urgent actions are indispensable in combating climate change, advocating for a holistic approach that integrates these varied pathways.
  • Rekord
    Level of knowledge of physiotherapy students and physiotherapists on the rehabilitation of complications in post-mastectomy patients
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-10-18) Dziwulski, Mateusz ; Zaworski, Kamil
    Background. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of the level of knowledge of third- to fifth-year physiotherapy students and practicing physiotherapists in the field of rehabilitation of post-mastectomy complications. Material and methods. A total of 112 participants (41 physiotherapy students and 71 physiotherapists) took part in the study. A proprietary online survey questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was used. Results. Physiotherapists were more likely than students to derive knowledge about rehabilitation of complications in patients after breast cancer treatment from courses, while students used materials available in classes at the university. The average number of points obtained in the knowledge test was 14.89 out of a possible 25. The most correct answers (89.5%) were given to the question concerning the negative effects of the presence of large lymphedema on the body of the person being treated. The lowest number of correct answers (23.7%) was recorded in the question concerning the type of exercise that is contraindicated during early cancer treatment. Conclusions. A moderate level of knowledge was predominant, indicating an overall average state of knowledge among the groups surveyed. There is a need for more diverse educational methods to improve knowledge in areas identified as weaknesses.
  • Rekord
    Mental barriers to reduce vulnerability to injury during a fall: an elementary issue of personal safety in a global civilization
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-10-18) Gąsienica-Walczak, Bartłomiej ; Kalina, Artur ; Litwiniuk, Artur ; Baj-Korpak, Joanna
    The effects of unintentional human falls are seen as a serious public health problem. The cognitive aim of the study was to argue, based on evidence, that radical progress in preventing the consequences of unintentional falls is possible as long as mental barriers are broken down among actors with the potential competence to make changes from the micro to macro scale. Aa a method, a narrative review was used of publications documenting the achievements of the experts of the “Polish School of Safe Falling” regarding the mental aspects of the widespread implementation of methods to reduce the phenomenon of vulnerability to injuries during falls throughout the entire ontogeny. Participants in the main pedagogical experiments declared that: teaching safe fall techniques made sense for both healthy and high-risk individuals (95% of physiotherapy students’ responses); all amputees and 83% of patients with visual impairment were convinced that teaching safe fall techniques in high-risk fall groups made sense; one response from a patient with visual impairment (16%) was “I don’t know”, and none of the respondents denied the advisability of teaching safe fall techniques. The child’s natural ability to protect their hands and head during an unintentional fall begins to be lost by the age of three. Therefore, learning how to fall safely is the surest of ways to reduce the number of people who would spend the rest of their lives in disability as a result of injuries sustained in a fall.
  • Rekord
    Physical activity patterns among high school and university students in the V4 countries: a comparative study
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-11-04) Ács, Pongrác ; Niźnikowska, Ewelina ; Stelmach, Marian Jan ; Weiner, Marcin ; Makai, Alexandra ; Prémusz, Viktória ; Junger, Ján ; Salonna, Ferdinand ; Šafaříková, Iva ; Kuchařová, Věra Logan ; Baj-Korpak, Joanna
    Insufficient levels of physical activity are a significant contributor to chronic noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Recommendations from the World Health Organization include both general guidelines and activity recommendations specific to age, pregnancy, disease, and disability to help maintain good health and fitness. Assessing physical activity levels, as well as researching its correlates and determinants, is essential for understanding why people are physically active or inactive. This, in turn, contributes to evidencebased planning of public health interventions.
  • Rekord
    Health-promoting properties of broad beans (Vicia faba L.)
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2024-11-05) Baranowska, Alicja
    The aim of this work was to review scientific studies on the health-promoting properties of one of the oldest legumes, the broad bean (Vicia faba L). A review of the research literature concludes that broad bean seeds are a rich source of plant proteins, complex carbohydrates, essential vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. The seeds also contain small amounts of lipids. Broad beans are a good source of l-3,4-dihydroxphenylalanine (L-DOPA), a precursor of dopamine, which is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), present in broad beans, is an amino acid that lowers blood pressure. Bean seeds contain anti-nutritional substances, e.g. vicin and convicin, which exacerbate the symptoms of hemolytic anemia known as favaism. Based on scientific evidence, regular consumption of legumes is potentially beneficial to health, including but not limited to reducing the risk of many chronic diseases. There is currently a growing interest in the use of legume proteins for the production of functional food products. Analysis of the research literature suggests that Vicia faba L. seeds can be a functional food ingredient and should be an important part of the diet.