2018, Volume 12, Issue 1
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RekordEffects of high-carbohydrate products consumption on postprandial glycemia in runners(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23)Background. Running causes that people become more and more willing to engage in physical activity. It is an valid exercise that significantly decreases postprandial glycemia. The higher the training load, the more important it is to complement nutrients necessary for organism regeneration. Modern food industry provides many products that can help in resynthesis of muscle glycogen. The study presents a mutual correlation between consuming high-carbohydrate products with and without having exercise afterwards and the shape of the blood glucose curve. Material and methods. Nine healthy and hard training male adult athletes participated in 2-part (P1 and P2) research: P1 with, and P2 without run. After the run, the athletes had a specified meal, after which capillary blood glucose test was taken for P1 before the run and for both groups 2-3 min, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the meal. Results. The comparison of the area under the curve (AUC ) at rest and after 1 hr run showed statistically significant variations after every 30 minutes period and in the overall AUC . The smallest AUC occurred after consuming chips and spinach pasta and the highest after potatoes, white and brown rice. Conclusions. Physical activity does not change the way glucose is released into the blood, but it lowers postprandial glycemia, especially after 30-90 minutes after training completion. This study indicates that consuming potatoes and rice leads to the highest rate of muscle glucose uptake and further faster glycogen re-synthesis after the run. Accordingly, these products can be a good choice for athletes having a short break between training bouts.
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RekordPhysical activity assessment tools in monitoring physical activity: the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) or accelerometers – choosing the best tools(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23)Assessing physical activity in epidemiological studies is a severe challenge for researchers, whose overriding aim is to obtain accurate, truthful and reliable data on the level of physical activity in different population groups. Presently, both objective and subjective measurement methods are used. The tools used in objective methods are usually pedometers and accelerometers, while in subjective are used questionnaires conducted and run either as self-reported or by a trained interviewer. At the end of the 1990s, experts in the field of epidemiology of physical activity began developing normalised and standardised tools for subjective assessment of physical activity. After several years of experience, we know that well-chosen and properly validated tools used in the testing process conducted in accordance with recommended standards are a prerequisite for obtaining accurate, truthful and reliable data. Although there are over 90 different questionnaires for physical activity, the two most commonly used are the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). On the other hand, objective tools such as pedometers or accelerometers are used more and more frequently in cohort and experimental studies, but also those concerning populations. The article reviews the literature on the criteria of selection and usage of these popular tools. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them and the results of the most important comparative validation studies are discussed.
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RekordPhysical development and body composition parameters in 4-11-year-old children(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23)Background. In this paper, we present the results of the study concerning body development and body composition parameters dependency. Material and methods. The monitored sample consisted of 78 probands aged of 4 – 11 years: group I, 4 – 5 year-olds (13 probands) 5.17 ±0.52 years; group II, 6 – 7 year-olds (30 probands) 6.99 ±0.52 years; group III, 8 – 9 year-olds (25 probands) 8.8 ±0.52 years; group IV, 10 – 11 year-olds (10 probands) 10.92 ±0.53 years. To diagnose parameters of body composition the InBody 120 device was used. Results. As for the parameters of body composition, a rising linear trend was recorded with increasing age. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) values were found between age groups in body height (p = 3.76E-24), body weight (p = 4.65E-16), quantity of fat mass (p = 0.0475), quantity of skeletal muscles (p = 1.31E-20), total quantity of water in body (p = 2.23E-20), quantity of proteins (p = 1.83E-20), quantity of minerals (p = 2.06E-19) and in the level of basal metabolism (p = 1.77E-20). Conclusions. Our results of body height and body weight correspond to those obtained in national anthropometric measurements. BMI values respond to the developmental trends, but they differ in the achieved values of comparable age groups as our probands have achieved lower values than the Slovak population.
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RekordPhysical activity in students from the Visegrad countries by BMI status(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23)Background. This study aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) in undergraduate university students of three fields of study from the four Visegrad Group countries – Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary. Material and methods. The research was conducted in 2015 on adolescent undergraduate university student populations in three fields of study – humanities, medical, and technical sciences. The sample included 2,484 students in total. The data was collected using the extended version of the standardised International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Students completed the questionnaire via the INDARES online system. Results. The results confirmed significant differences in PA between sexes in favour of males both in its overall manifestation and in the individual levels of PA intensity (p<0.05). The comparison of the four countries revealed significant differences in PA in males and females in all PA domains (p<0.05). The evaluation of the total BMI, as well as the one measured in individual countries confirmed a significant difference between sexes in favour of males (p<0.05). The study of the relationship between PA and BMI did not reveal a statistically significant dependence in any of the tested domains. This conclusion applies both to males and females. Conclusions. Males are generally more physically active than females overall and in individual fields of study. Also, males exhibit higher BMI in all the studied categories. No significant relation between PA intensity and volume and BMI was found in either sex.
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RekordHealth problems of seniors: selected diseases of the old age(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23)Since the mid-eighties, the Polish society has witnessed a steady increase in the 65+ population. This demographic trend calls for a change in the organisation of health services and healthcare for this segment of the society. Old age is a difficult period in human life, especially if one has not been prepared for it. Individuals experience a number of health restrictions, while the quality of life at that stage of life depends mostly on the accuracy of identifying health needs, their types and the quality of the available solutions. The following paper aims to present literature on the most common health problems amongst the elderly in Poland. Numerous scientific centres in Poland (and abroad) which work with seniors have confirmed that the health situation of this age group is highly unsatisfactory. Seniors often face problems which affect their functioning, independence and self-care. Impairment may be caused by geriatric disorders, which include cardiovascular diseases (the most common cause of death in Poland among persons aged 65+), cancer, diabetes, balance disorders, impaired mobility, falling down, dementia, depression, insomnia, incontinence, soiling, impaired vision and hearing, lower limb muscle cramps at night, and bedsores. The rapid ageing of the society poses numerous challenges for healthcare organisers, educators and doctors with regard to educating, preventing and treating seniors in Poland.