2018, Volume 12, Issue 1

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/587

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Przeglądanie 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1 według Data wydania

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  • Rekord
    Sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in a specific region of Ukraine 30 years after Chernobyl disaster
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Ślifirczyk, Anna ; Potupalova, Tatiana ; Slobodian, Volodymyr
    Background. The study aimed to determine the effect of iodine deficiency and increased radiation on morbidity of thyroid cancer in patients living in the Ternopil region of Ukraine. The task was solved by comparing the patients with thyroid cancer from the district areas with iodine deficiency and increased radiation with those coming from the regions with normal iodine content and a normal radioactive background. Material and methods. The area of the Ternopil region was divided into the following 1) the northern area, with sufficient iodine content in food, radiation background – 0.09 mcSv/h; 2) the central and western areas, endemic in terms of iodine content and increased background radiation (up to 0.13 mcSv/h); and 3) the southern area, with sufficient iodine but increased background radiation (up to 0.15 mcSv/h). To conduct the analysis and determine the sickness rate, the patients were grouped depending on sex and age. Results. The sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in males in 2016 were 4-6 times lower when compared to females in all areas. The sickness rate of the females in the areas with increased radiation turned out to be age-dependent with a 1.25-3.2 times increase when compared to the areas with normal conditions. In the areas of the increased background radiation and dietary iodine insufficiency, the sickness rate of females was 1.54-5.4 times higher than the index in the areas with normal conditions. Conclusions. The highest rates prevalence and sickness rate of thyroid cancer in Ternopil region of Ukraine were observed in women over 51 years. The prevalence was 2 times, and the sickness rate 3 times higher in women over 51 years in the areas with iodine deficiency and an increased radiation background when compared to those in the areas with normal iodine and radiation background.
  • Rekord
    Physical activity in students from the Visegrad countries by BMI status
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Junger, Jan ; Frömel, Karel ; Bergier, Józef ; Ács, Pongrác ; Bergier, Barbara ; Salonna, Ferdinand ; Niźnikowska, Ewelina
    Background. This study aims to analyse the relationship between physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) in undergraduate university students of three fields of study from the four Visegrad Group countries – Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary. Material and methods. The research was conducted in 2015 on adolescent undergraduate university student populations in three fields of study – humanities, medical, and technical sciences. The sample included 2,484 students in total. The data was collected using the extended version of the standardised International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Students completed the questionnaire via the INDARES online system. Results. The results confirmed significant differences in PA between sexes in favour of males both in its overall manifestation and in the individual levels of PA intensity (p<0.05). The comparison of the four countries revealed significant differences in PA in males and females in all PA domains (p<0.05). The evaluation of the total BMI, as well as the one measured in individual countries confirmed a significant difference between sexes in favour of males (p<0.05). The study of the relationship between PA and BMI did not reveal a statistically significant dependence in any of the tested domains. This conclusion applies both to males and females. Conclusions. Males are generally more physically active than females overall and in individual fields of study. Also, males exhibit higher BMI in all the studied categories. No significant relation between PA intensity and volume and BMI was found in either sex.
  • Rekord
    Effects of high-carbohydrate products consumption on postprandial glycemia in runners
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Czaja, Jakub ; Stachowicz, Marta ; Lebiedzińska, Anna
    Background. Running causes that people become more and more willing to engage in physical activity. It is an valid exercise that significantly decreases postprandial glycemia. The higher the training load, the more important it is to complement nutrients necessary for organism regeneration. Modern food industry provides many products that can help in resynthesis of muscle glycogen. The study presents a mutual correlation between consuming high-carbohydrate products with and without having exercise afterwards and the shape of the blood glucose curve. Material and methods. Nine healthy and hard training male adult athletes participated in 2-part (P1 and P2) research: P1 with, and P2 without run. After the run, the athletes had a specified meal, after which capillary blood glucose test was taken for P1 before the run and for both groups 2-3 min, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the meal. Results. The comparison of the area under the curve (AUC ) at rest and after 1 hr run showed statistically significant variations after every 30 minutes period and in the overall AUC . The smallest AUC occurred after consuming chips and spinach pasta and the highest after potatoes, white and brown rice. Conclusions. Physical activity does not change the way glucose is released into the blood, but it lowers postprandial glycemia, especially after 30-90 minutes after training completion. This study indicates that consuming potatoes and rice leads to the highest rate of muscle glucose uptake and further faster glycogen re-synthesis after the run. Accordingly, these products can be a good choice for athletes having a short break between training bouts.
  • Rekord
    Physical development and body composition parameters in 4-11-year-old children
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Čillík, Ivan ; Willwéber, Tomáš
    Background. In this paper, we present the results of the study concerning body development and body composition parameters dependency. Material and methods. The monitored sample consisted of 78 probands aged of 4 – 11 years: group I, 4 – 5 year-olds (13 probands) 5.17 ±0.52 years; group II, 6 – 7 year-olds (30 probands) 6.99 ±0.52 years; group III, 8 – 9 year-olds (25 probands) 8.8 ±0.52 years; group IV, 10 – 11 year-olds (10 probands) 10.92 ±0.53 years. To diagnose parameters of body composition the InBody 120 device was used. Results. As for the parameters of body composition, a rising linear trend was recorded with increasing age. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) values were found between age groups in body height (p = 3.76E-24), body weight (p = 4.65E-16), quantity of fat mass (p = 0.0475), quantity of skeletal muscles (p = 1.31E-20), total quantity of water in body (p = 2.23E-20), quantity of proteins (p = 1.83E-20), quantity of minerals (p = 2.06E-19) and in the level of basal metabolism (p = 1.77E-20). Conclusions. Our results of body height and body weight correspond to those obtained in national anthropometric measurements. BMI values respond to the developmental trends, but they differ in the achieved values of comparable age groups as our probands have achieved lower values than the Slovak population.
  • Rekord
    Physical activity assessment tools in monitoring physical activity: the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) or accelerometers – choosing the best tools
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Stelmach, Marian
    Assessing physical activity in epidemiological studies is a severe challenge for researchers, whose overriding aim is to obtain accurate, truthful and reliable data on the level of physical activity in different population groups. Presently, both objective and subjective measurement methods are used. The tools used in objective methods are usually pedometers and accelerometers, while in subjective are used questionnaires conducted and run either as self-reported or by a trained interviewer. At the end of the 1990s, experts in the field of epidemiology of physical activity began developing normalised and standardised tools for subjective assessment of physical activity. After several years of experience, we know that well-chosen and properly validated tools used in the testing process conducted in accordance with recommended standards are a prerequisite for obtaining accurate, truthful and reliable data. Although there are over 90 different questionnaires for physical activity, the two most commonly used are the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). On the other hand, objective tools such as pedometers or accelerometers are used more and more frequently in cohort and experimental studies, but also those concerning populations. The article reviews the literature on the criteria of selection and usage of these popular tools. The advantages and disadvantages of each of them and the results of the most important comparative validation studies are discussed.
  • Rekord
    Long-term complications of diabetes and the risk of diabetic foot
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Krysiak-Zielonka, Iwona
    Background. Chronic complications of diabetes are presently the most vital problem in diabetology and the most significant challenge in the treatment of the diseases. Because of peripheral neuropathy and macroangiopathy, people with diabetes are particularly vulnerable to foot problems. The following study aims to evaluate the development of chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes, with a particular focus on the prevalence of limb ischemia symptoms. Material and methods. The study involved patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nondiabetic persons at a similar age. Diabetics were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of type 2 diabetic patients with no trophic lesions of the limbs; Group 2 included patients with diabetic foot disease; and the control group (Group 3) were the non-diabetic elderly. The study was to analyse the incidence of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy in both diabetic groups. Besides, it was to evaluate changes in macroangiopathy among diabetic patients and the control group. Results. In all groups, symptoms of lower limb ischaemia were assessed, which allowed making comparisons between them. The studied material indicated that the occurrence of diabetic ulcers is mostly associated with macroangiopathy and its symptoms, polyneuropathy and particular types of neuropathy, retinopathy and horny foot skin. Conclusions. An interdisciplinary approach to the problem of the diabetic foot allows recognising its early clinical symptoms.
  • Rekord
    Prophylaxis of Lyme borreliosis and rural residents’ awareness
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Dankiewicz, Katarzyna ; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata ; Weiner, Marcin
    Background. The study aimed to evaluate the scope and level of rural residents’ knowledge on the prevention of Lyme borreliosis and how this knowledge is used by residents of some selected rural areas of Lublin Province. Material and methods. A survey methodology was conducted with a sample of respondents of the Firlej and Kock communes (Lubartów County) and Borki commune (Radzyń Podlaski County). The study group involved 100 rural residents aged 18-67 years (mean 43; SD 0.14). Results. Among rural residents participating in the study, 35% are engaged in agriculture, and 61% have backyard gardens. 14% of the respondents have experienced a single tick bite, while 26% multiple bites. Out of those respondents who have experienced tick bites, only 12.5% have undergone diagnostic tests for the presence of Lyme borreliosis. The reported bite sites were found mostly in the lower limb (55%), stomach (40%), upper limb (30%), and the observed symptoms included first of all: muscle pain (50%), headache (37.5%), impaired concentration (20%), fever (17.5%), bone and joint pain (12.5%). A total of 30% farmers and rural residents consider their knowledge on the prevention of tick-borne diseases as minimal. Conclusions. It is necessary to undertake educational activities that would not only contribute to an increase in the level of knowledge of countryside residents on the prevention of tick-borne diseases but also lead to taking appropriate measures when bites occur.
  • Rekord
    Consumption of selected beverages and teenagers’ perception of own health
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Fabisiak, Anna ; Jaworski, Mariusz
    Background. Health can be perceived as a set of individual determinants that enable a person to develop in various areas. Some people view their health subjectively to realise their owns goals. The following study aims to investigate health- and eating-related behaviours in young people with regard to selected alcoholic beverages. Material and methods. The group of people involved in the study consisted of 77 teenagers from a high school aged 17 to 18 years. The mean age of the entire group was 17.1 years (SD = 0.8 years). As for gender, the sample was dominated by women, who accounted for 58.4% (n = 45) of all the respondents, while men − 41.6% (n = 32). Results. When asked about the significance of good health and proper nutrition for teens, a large number of the girls participating in this survey, i.e. 51.9%, declared that health was important to them, whereas 29.9% claimed that it was very important. Furthermore, the teenagers involved in the study often claimed that they eat healthily (rho = 0.42; p <0.01) and 40.3% perceived their diet as healthy. Only 2.6% of the respondents viewed their diet as improper. Conclusions. Particular attention should be paid to building a sense of personal responsibility for health in young people. Health promotion programmes targeting young people should be aimed at developing their personality features which are indirectly associated with increasing awareness and responsibility for their own health, encouraging the individual to make right choices with regard to food products, including the type and quantity of beverages available on the market.
  • Rekord
    Health problems of seniors: selected diseases of the old age
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-23) Sygit, Katarzyna
    Since the mid-eighties, the Polish society has witnessed a steady increase in the 65+ population. This demographic trend calls for a change in the organisation of health services and healthcare for this segment of the society. Old age is a difficult period in human life, especially if one has not been prepared for it. Individuals experience a number of health restrictions, while the quality of life at that stage of life depends mostly on the accuracy of identifying health needs, their types and the quality of the available solutions. The following paper aims to present literature on the most common health problems amongst the elderly in Poland. Numerous scientific centres in Poland (and abroad) which work with seniors have confirmed that the health situation of this age group is highly unsatisfactory. Seniors often face problems which affect their functioning, independence and self-care. Impairment may be caused by geriatric disorders, which include cardiovascular diseases (the most common cause of death in Poland among persons aged 65+), cancer, diabetes, balance disorders, impaired mobility, falling down, dementia, depression, insomnia, incontinence, soiling, impaired vision and hearing, lower limb muscle cramps at night, and bedsores. The rapid ageing of the society poses numerous challenges for healthcare organisers, educators and doctors with regard to educating, preventing and treating seniors in Poland.
  • Rekord
    Specificity of health-related behaviours in middle and late adulthood
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-25) Zadworna-Cieślak, Magdalena ; Ogińska-Bulik, Nina
    Background. Engaging in health-related behaviours is conditioned by many factors, including psychological and social ones. The extent to which it is done is also determined by gender and age. Health-related activity has specific and, presumably, different meanings at different stages of adulthood, which is associated with implementing by people roles and tasks typical of a given period of life. The study aimed to determine the specifics of the healthrelated behaviour in middle and late adulthood. Material and methods. The research was conducted on a group of 285 people, including 154 persons in middle adulthood, i.e. 40-58 years old (M = 45.05, SD = 3.63) - 77 women and 77 men, and 130 in late adulthood, i.e. 61-88 years old (M = 71.32 SD = 5.81) - 70 women and 60 men. The Health Behaviour Inventory by Z. Juczyński (2001) was used to measure health-related behaviours. The tool enabled determining the overall level of health-related behaviours and four selected categories, i.e. healthy eating habits, preventive behaviours, health-related practices and positive mental attitudes. Results. The results indicate that women exhibit a higher level of health-related behaviours when compared to men (regardless of age), which is also evidenced in women in late adulthood when compared to those in middle adulthood. The extent of health-related behaviours in specific categories was also compared between groups. Functions of healthrelated behaviours were discussed with regard to their specifics of people’s roles performed in society as well as the implementation of the development tasks typical of particular stages of adulthood. Conclusions. It is recommended to adjust prevention and health promotion programmes to particular periods of human development and gender.