2020, Volume 14, Issue 4
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RekordThe quality and importance of groundwater in the escarpment zone of the Bug River Valley(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-09-01)Background. The use of groundwater from private wells in households is increasing significantly. However, this water is usually untreated, making it a carrier of diseases. Chemical composition plays a key role in assessing groundwater quality. Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization of the environment, pollutants (especially toxic elements) are constantly being released into the aquatic environment and pose a threat to human and animal health. There is a large variety of microorganisms in aquifers. The use of groundwater from aquifers as sources of drinking water without water treatment or disinfection is a public health problem. Material and methods. The material for the study consisted of water samples taken from used and unused domestic wells in villages located in Lubelskie Province, Biała Podlaska County, Janów Podlaski municipality, Poland. ICP-OES was used to determine the composition of elements. The total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria was determined for 5 wells using the pour-plate method according to the Polish Standard PN-EN ISO 6222:2004. Results. The water from the wells is unfit for consumption due to high microbiological contamination. A study would have to be carried out on the content of specific pathogenic microorganisms. In most of the samples analyzed, the heavy metal content of the water is below admissible limits. Conclusions. Water resources of the highest quality should be increasingly protected and retained as drinking water reserves. This is extremely important in view of the progressing climate change and the slow process of groundwater renewal.
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RekordThe first steps in artificial intelligence development in medicine in Uzbekistan(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-09-07)Artificial intelligence (AI) as a field is based on such disciplines as computer science, biology, psychology, linguistics, mathematics, and mechanical engineering. AI uses algorithms, heuristics, pattern matching, rules, deep learning, and cognitive computing to approximate conclusions. With its ability to analyze complex medical data it can be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and predicting the outcome of many diseases. This paper presents the importance of AI in the healthcare system and by extension in our everyday lives. AI techniques have the potential to be applied in almost every field of medicine and every sphere of our life. AI has the possibility to help in areas with less hands-on healthcare. It is believed that geographically isolated areas can benefit from AIs which could replace physicians. Uzbekistan is one of the first countries in Central Asia which is enthusiastically moving towards digitalization. A group of scientists from Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute (TPMI) created an AI system for diagnosing electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform outputted from the portable biometric sensor “Bitalino” in order to find out problems for introducing AI in the medical field in Uzbekistan. From this experience and the general literature, we conclude that the main barrier to mass use of AI in healthcare including in Uzbekistan may be two things: a huge amount of data for training, and personnel problem.
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RekordFunctional diagnostics and physiotherapeutic treatment in de Quervain syndrome(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-06-04)De Quervain syndrome involves the inflammation of the common tendon sheath of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) in the region of the radial styloid process. This condition can be caused by microtraumas that occur in the course of repetitive mechanical activities and systemic diseases of the connective tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The symptom of de Quervain syndrome is pain in the forearm at the height of the radial styloid process. The pain intensifies during the extension of the thumb. Other symptoms include redness and swelling in the region. The physical examination most often involves two tests: Finkelstein’s test and Eichhoff’s test. Physiotherapeutic treatment is an important element of conservative treatment of de Quervain syndrome. The article aims to present functional diagnostics and physiotherapeutic methods that are used in the treatment of de Quervain syndrome based on the available literature. The review used the division of therapeutic methods into three basic sections: kinesitherapy, physical therapy and therapeutic massage, and was expanded to include physioprophylaxis and education, kinesiotaping and acupuncture. The discussed publications noted a significant improvement in terms of reducing pain and functionality in patients with de Quervain syndrome using various physiotherapeutic methods and their combinations. Unfortunately, there is a small number of randomized clinical trials. Hence, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions about the most effective forms of treatment. Further research is required in order to achieve the integration of the most effective physiotherapeutic methods in the treatment of de Quervain syndrome and the assessment of its short and long-term effects.
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RekordSalivary biomarkers for monitoring the course of cancer development – real perspectives(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-07-27)Recently, the diagnostic use of saliva in medicine has become a major goal for many researchers. There are many advantages of using saliva diagnostics. Its drawing is non-invasive, painless, quickly repeated, and straightforward. Its diagnostic potential has been demonstrated, in particular for infectious diseases and diseases of the oral cavity. Because of the unabated frequency of occurrence of malignant neoplastic diseases, especially in seniors, this paper aims at presenting an overview of chosen studies that have used saliva in the diagnostic and monitoring of selected malignant diseases. The potential use of saliva in the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer, by detecting genetic material in saliva and analysis of characteristic mutations of the EGFR gene, has been described. Additionally, prostate cancer can be detected by positive identification of microRNA markers in saliva. Evaluation of PSA concentrations in saliva has also been carried out and obtained results were correlated with blood concentrations. There are also reports concerning the Ca15-3 marker in the saliva in women with breast cancer. The evaluation of lung cancer resistance protein in the saliva of these patients has also been investigated. The results of the cited studies are promising and give hope for the potential use for salivary diagnosis of these cancers.
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RekordHydrogen sulfide metabolism and its role in kidney function in a rat model of chronic kidney disease(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2020-06-19)Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an ongoing global problem. It is correlated with a substantial increase in mortality and morbidity. Although, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes in the kidney, the influence of CKD on the enzymatic synthesis and utilization of H2S in the kidney is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of H2S-producing enzymes (сystathionine gamma-lyase, cystathionine beta-synthase and cysteine aminotransferase) and the content of H2S in rats with CKD, and to establish the relationship between these parameters and markers of the functional state of the kidneys. Material and methods. CKD in rats was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy of the contralateral kidney. H2S regulation was examined in post-nuclear kidney homogenates by measuring H2S levels and cystathionine gamma-lyase, cystathionine beta-synthase, and cysteine aminotransferase activity using spectrophotometric methods. Functional and biochemical measurements were monitored after water load (5% of body mass). Results. CKD in rats was associated with defects in H2S metabolism in rat kidneys. The activity of H2S-producing enzymes decreased by 28.3-34.2% (p<0.05), the rate of utilization of exogenous H2S in the kidneys increased by 34.3% (p<0.05), and the content of H2S was reduced by 35.8% (p<0.05) in comparison with a control group. A progressive loss of kidney function (tubular and glomerular disorders) is closely correlated with the content of H2S in the kidneys. Conclusions. The H2S system in kidneys may be an important metabolic target, which can influence the efficacy of treatments to improve the functional state of kidneys in CKD.