2018, Volume 12, Issue 2
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RekordPhysical activity of Poles in the light of public opinion polls(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-03-28) Gruchoła, MałgorzataBackground. The article aims to make a comparative analysis of the physical activity of Poles in the last fifty years in the light of public opinion polls carried out in the years 1960-2016 by the Centres for Public Opinion Research in Poland − CBOS and OBOP. Before the study was conducted, the following questions were formulated: Do Poles do sports or get involved in other activities demanding physical effort? What motivates them? What sports skills do they possess? What is their attitude towards the persons visiting the gym? Finally, have their PA changed in the researched period, and to what extent? In the analysis, the criteria of sex, age, education and material status were considered. Material and methods. The following research methods were applied: a quantitative content analysis of secondary data, a qualitative content analysis, as well as comparative and analytical-descriptive methods. Results. In the analysed period, the number of Poles regularly practising sports grew by 33.5% (from 6.5% in 1960 to 40% in 2013). The percentage of those who do not follow any activity comprises a third of adult Poles (34%); however, their number was twice lower in the year 2013 compared to the year 1960 (66%). Conclusions. Before conducting the research, it was assumed that, despite popular opinion and the one presented in the media concerning the low physical activity in the society, the number of Poles taking up physical activity has decidedly risen in the last half-century. Having analysed the opinion polls data, it can be stated that the hypothesis was confirmed.
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RekordEfficiency of the Elderly Physical Recreation Programme aimed at improving functional efficiency and quality of life(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-04-06) Leś, Anna ; Kozdroń, Ewa ; Niedzielska, Ewa ; Kozdroń, MichałBackground. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Physical Recreation Programme for the Elderly designed by Ewa Kozdroń intended to improve the functional efficiency and quality of life of women over 60 who participated in the programme. Material and methods. The research involved 73 females aged 60-74 who participated in the Physical Recreation Programme for the Elderly. The research used the author’s questionnaire, i.e. EQ-5D questionnaire and Functional Fitness Tests (FFT). Results. The results of our research confirmed a positive relationship between participation in a regular physical activity, the declared level of functional fitness and the perceived quality of life. Conclusions. A positive relationship was found in the study group between participation in regular physical activity, the declared level of functional fitness and the perceived quality of life.
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RekordDeterminants of self-assessment of physical fitness in persons aged 45-89(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-04-20) Kotarska, Katarzyna ; Nowak, Maria AlicjaBackground. Scientific studies on ageing have repeatedly shown positive correlations between physical activity and physical fitness and health. The following study shows that people who were involved in different forms of physical activity had higher self-assessment of own fitness, also in the long term. The aim of the study was to investigate the determinants of the self-assessment of physical fitness in people aged 45-89 years. Material and methods. The study involved 300 persons aged 45-89 years, who were diagnosed with a diagnostic survey using the following research techniques: a questionnaire, interview and observation. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were based on the frequency of traits, chi-square independence tests, and multivariate correspondence analyses. Results. Self-assessment of physical fitness depended on age, family roles and employment status. Higher levels of fitness were reported by (I) respondents engaged in recreational exercise and (II) former professional athletes. Going on holidays in the previous year, travelling in the past and at present were also correlated with higher self-assessment of physical fitness. Conclusions. Self-assessment of physical fitness seems to be a good indicator of the physical activity in the elderly. Positive self-assessment helps address the challenges of old age and seems to be crucial for successful ageing. Hence, there is a need to create programmes with a broader spectrum of influence to activate the elderly.
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RekordInclusion of pelotherapy in the treatment of patients with lumbar discopathy treated with low-frequency magnetic field and kinesitherapy(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-04-20) Fidut-Wrońska, Joanna ; Latosiewicz, Robert ; Chmiel, Justyna ; Chołuj, Kamil ; Pikto-Pietkiewicz, KatarzynaBackground. The study aims to evaluate the effect of the pelotherapy in the treatment of patients with lumbar discopathy treated with low-frequency magnetic field and kinesitherapy. Material and methods. The study involved 79 persons randomly divided into 2 groups. The patients from group I (39 individuals) were subjected to pelvic therapy, low-frequency magnetic field and kinesitherapy. Those in the other group (40 individuals) were exposed to low-frequency magnetic field and kinesitherapy. To compare and assess the changes in both samples, the VAS pain scale and the Roland-Morris Disability Index were used, as well as the fingers-floor test to examine the range of mobility. Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the examined groups (p> 0.05). Both groups benefited from the therapy. In the first one, there was a reduction in pain − Me = 1.0 point in the VAS scale and, according to the Roland-Morris Questionnaire, the degree of disability was reduced by Me = 1.0 point. A more significant increase in the range of motion of the lumbar spine was observed in group II, in which the range of mobility increased by Me = 2.0 cm in the fingers-to-floor test. Conclusions. I ncorporation o f a pelotherapy i nto t he t reatment w hich c onsisted o f l owfrequency magnetic field and kinesitherapy did not significantly result in achieving a better therapeutic outcome.
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RekordEffect of selenium on breast cancer in women – part I(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-04-26) Sygit, Katarzyna ; Sieja, Krzysztof ; Sygit, Marian ; Pasierbiak, KatarzynaBackground. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women in Poland. To reduce the risk of breast cancer, appropriate prevention is necessary. Numerous studies conducted over many years in Poland and throughout the world have demonstrated a significant effect of selenium on prevention of disease, including breast cancer in women. The following paper aims to present the literature on effects of selenium (Se) on prevention of breast cancer in women. Material and methods. Based on national and international literature, the paper presents information on the role of selenium (Se) in prevention of breast cancer in women. Results. Numerous studies conducted in research centres in Poland and abroad have shown that female patients with breast cancer and individuals with gastrointestinal cancer have significantly lower selenium concentration in their blood serum and whole blood, as well as significantly lower GSH - Px activity in plasma and red blood cells, compared to healthy women. Low selenium concentration may indicate an increased risk of breast cancer. Selenium is an essential co-factor in the production of antioxidant enzymes and may affect the development of cancer. Clinical trials which assessed selenium content in food showed that its supplementation reduced cancer mortality. Conclusions. Results of numerous national and prospective international studies indicate that low selenium intake and/or concentration in serum/plasma/nails is a high-risk marker of the majority of cancers, including breast cancer in women.
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RekordMeropenem resistance in intensive care units in Ukraine(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-05-22) Oliynyk, Oleksandr ; Ślifirczyk, Anna ; Pereviznyk, BogdanThe article reviews the issue of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to meropenem in intensive care units in Ukraine. An increase in meropenem inefficiency against microorganisms in intensive care units has been observed in the last years. The data analysis suggests a significant predominance of gram-negative flora: A. baumannii, Р. aeruginosa, К. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, E.coli. On average 30% of microorganisms are resistant to 5 and more basic antibiotics including meropenem. 40-80 % of the gram-negative flora in intensive care units in Ukraine are resistant to meropenem. This can be attributed to the free sale of antibiotics without prescription, patients’ self-treatment, inadequate antibiotic therapy, and failure to comply with sanitary norms on the part of intensive care staff. Microbiological diagnostics of infectious pathogens also needs improvement. Unless proper measures are taken within a few years, meropenem as an antibiotic is likely to disappear in Ukraine.
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RekordCharacterization of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates cultured from patients with infected hip prostheses(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-05-22) Bogut, Agnieszka ; Niedźwiadek, Justyna ; Strzelec-Nowak, Dagmara ; Plewik, Dorota ; Mazurkiewicz, Tomasz ; Marczyński, Wojciech ; Olender, AlinaBackground. Coagulase negative staphylococci are at the forefront of etiologic agents of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The purpose of the study was to characterise causative isolates (n=19) of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) – with emphasis on their phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Material and methods. The isolates were cultured from multiple samples obtained perioperatively during revision surgery from 14 patients with clinically and/or microbiologically proven PJI. Phenotypic heterogeneity included variations of colony morphologies, drug resistance patterns and/or the capability of the biofilm formation and was verified by the DNA fingerprinting assay. Results. Phenotypic discrepancies were observed between isolates cultured from 5 patients (35.7%). The genotyping assay identified 3 pairs of isolates as unrelated; single pairs were genetically related and indistinguishable. The biofilm production was detected in 17 isolates, among which 5 (29.4%) were proficient biofilm formers harbouring the icaADBC genes. Additionally, one ica-positive isolate produced a moderate, protease-sensitive biofilm. The remaining isolates were moderate biofilm producers among which four developed protease-sensitive biofilms. Conclusions. The majority of PJIs are monoclonal; nevertheless, phenotypic diversity of SE is a frequent phenomenon which can complicate the diagnostic proceeding. Adherence ability is an important pathogenic trait of SE although the chemical composition of the resultant biofilm, its intensity and regulation of development can vary.
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RekordOpportunities and threats in the post-antibiotic era(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-05-24) Weiner, MarcinThe following article reviews the issue of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms to meropenem in intensive care units in Ukraine. An increase in meropenem inefficiency against microorganisms in intensive care units has been observed in the last years. The data analysis suggests a significant predominance of gram-negative flora: A. baumannii, Р. aeruginosa, Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms change when they are exposed to antibiotics. Then, treatment becomes ineffective and infections persist in the body, increasing the risk of spreading to other persons. The new resistance mechanisms that are emerging and spreading globally cause that the so far applied methods of treatment do not work, threatening the human ability to resist common infectious diseases, which in turn results in prolonged infections or even death. Antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally over time, usually through genetic changes. However, the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are accelerating this process. It has become common to overuse and misuse antibiotics both in people and animals, which are often prescribed without professional oversight. Antimicrobial resistance is a complex problem that affects all of society and is driven by many interconnected factors. Single, isolated interventions have limited impact. Coordinated action is required to minimise the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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RekordKnowledge of coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors and their occurrence and the lifestyles of the first-year medical students(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-06-01) Dąbek, Józef ; Skorus, Paweł ; Lepich, Tomasz ; Bajor, Grzegorz ; Gąsior, ZbigniewBackground. Coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors increase the probability of the coronary heart disease and accompanying complications to a significant extent, acting independently from other circumstances. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 250 students of the 1st-year medical studies, using an independently prepared questionnaire relating to the risk factors and particular lifestyles. Results. 1. Level of knowledge of the examined students on coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors: obesity - 250(100%); reduced physical activity - 240(96%); smoking - 230(92%); unhealthy diet - 223(89%); elevated LDL cholesterol concentration - 218(87%); arterial hypertension - 210(84%). 2. Incidence of coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors in students: strong family history - 75(30%); excessive stress - 50(20%); reduced physical activity - 190(76%); smoking - 55(22%), alcohol abuse - 95(38%). 3. Lifestyle of the examined group of students: eating fast-food – 180 (72%); drinking energetic beverages – 82(33%); “trying” and using drugs – 88(35%); insufficient amount of sleep – 190(76%). Conclusions. 1. Level of the examined students’ knowledge on coronary arteriosclerosis risk factors is satisfactory. 2. Despite the satisfactory level of knowledge on risk factors, their incidence in the tested group is significant. 3. Majority of the examined students live a healthy lifestyle.