2018, Volume 12, Issue 3
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RekordImportance of cannabinoids in the functioning of the central nervous system(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-05-22)At present, there is a great emphasis of public opinion on the legalisation of medical marijuana, i.e. the top parts of the cannabis plants rich in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Nevertheless, in the cannabis plants, there are many various cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD). Scientific reports to-date indicate the possibility for using pharmacologically active cannabinoids in the treatment of such diseases/symptoms as: anorexia, vomiting, neuropathic pain, inflammatory diseases, multiple sclerosis, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome), epilepsy, schizophrenia, and obesity. The article presents up-to-date information on the results of experimental studies concerning the effectiveness of cannabinoids, with particular consideration of diseases related with the central nervous system, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, mental disorders, as well as obesity and anorexia.
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RekordReview of research on alcohol dependence in a model of mice selected for high and low stress-induced analgesia(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-07-24)Decades of studies on alcohol dependence showed that it is a very complex and multifactorial disorder. Several receptor systems are involved in development and susceptibility to alcohol abuse; however, there are some which play a crucial role in its pathogenesis, e.g. dopaminergic or opioid system. In this paper, an effort is made to explain the role of endogenous opioid system activity in alcohol dependence. To achieve the goal, we use a unique model is used which shows mice lines that are divergently selected for high (HA) and low (LA) stress-induced analgesia. This process allowed for selecting individuals characterised by hyperactive (HA) or hypoactive (LA) opioid system. Basing on the performed experiments, we proved that delta opioid receptors play a critical role in the development of addiction. The most notable achievement is an unspecific reaction of mice with the hyperactive opioid system to naloxone – an unspecific opioid system antagonist, which is currently approved in the pharmacotherapy of dependent patients.
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RekordSocial functioning of elderly people living in rural areas(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-07-12)Background. The aim of this work was to assess social functioning of elderly people living in rural areas. Material and methods. The authors used own interview questionnaire to collect the data. The study was conducted in 504 citizens, older than 65 years, from eight villages. Results. Women were more frequently widowed than men, had low educational level and lived alone. As most responses showed (51.98%), the received benefits did not cover the respondents’ current needs and 5.95% of them claimed that they were insufficient. The remaining respondents, i.e. 42.06%, stated that the available resources fulfilled their needs. The respondents would also point to family’s aid (n=411; 81.55%) or spouse’s aid (n=147; 29.56%). Only 37 people benefited from social care (n=504; 7.34%), of which 24 (64.86%) claimed that the help provided by social care was insufficient. Conclusions. Old women in rural areas tend to live alone more frequently, are widowed and have lower level of education than men. The received financial benefits do not fully cover current needs of older residents of rural areas regardless of sex. Among people of over 65 years living in rural areas, the majority (81.55%) would point to family support and only 2.18% indicated social care as a source of income.
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RekordEffectiveness of hemoperfusion in treatment of patients with non-biliary moderately severe pancreatitis(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-07-12)Background. Acute pancreatitis morbidity has been rising annually all around the world. In case of acute necrotic pancreatitis, the mortality reaches 40% in the majority of hospitals. The therapy is effective if the efferent methods involve complex therapy of this disease. One such method is hemoperfusion, i.e. extracorporeal blood purification, which is widely used in toxicology. The authors of the article used hemoperfusion in a complex therapy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. The following research presents an evaluation of the results of hemoperfusion used in a complex therapy of patients with acute pancreatitis. Material and methods. The study involved 38 patients with acute non-biliary moderately severe pancreatitis who were treated at an intensive care unit of Ternopil University Hospital in Ukraine. 18 patients were treated following the protocol for treatment of acute pancreatitis. In 20 patients, this treatment was additionally combined with hemoperfusion. We determined the levels of amylase, diastase, procalcitonin, bilirubin, malonic dialdehyde, and diene conjugates in blood serum and the level of leukocytes in the blood. Results. The levels of procalcitonin, amylase, bilirubin, leukocytes number, malonic dialdehyde, and diene conjugates were stabilised in patients of both groups, but in those who received hemoperfusion demonstrated much better results. These were manifested by significantly better levels of the amylase, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, procalcitonin, malonic dialdehyde, and diene conjugates in patients who received hemoperfusion (p< 0.005) than in the other group undergoing standard drug therapy. Conclusions. Hemoperfusion can be used as an effective method in the complex treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis.
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RekordKnowledge on physical activity and nutrition behaviours in patients with increased body weight and cardiovascular diseases(Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-07-12)Background. Low physical activity and the increasing number of overweight and obese people contribute to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in society. Classic risk factors and improper lifestyle increase the risk of their occurrence, progression and mortality in patients. The aim of the study was assessment of physical activity and nutrition behaviours in people with abnormal body weight and cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods. The study involved 152 patients including 70 men and 82 women aged 23-95 years (mean 55.4 ± 14.04 years). The study used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ in its seven-day version and an original questionnaire. The data were collected in a database and Statistica v.10 was used for a statistical analysis. Results. The average energy expenditure amounted to 1.422 MET. 50% of the participant demonstrated sufficient physical activity, 36% low, and only 14% high. Only 15% of the respondents did exercises. Despite being overweight and obese, 66% of the respondents did not follow a diet and only 17% of them consumed 5 meals a day. Conclusions. Despite the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and abnormal body weight, physical activity was low in the study group, and the knowledge in this regard was limited. In addition a significant number of respondents did not exhibit healthy behaviours.