2022, Volume 15, Issue 1

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/698

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    Assessment of child poverty in rural border communities of South-Western and Central Nigeria / Ocena ubóstwa dzieci w wiejskich społecznościach przygranicznych południowo-zachodniej i środkowej Nigerii
    (Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2022-03-31) Popoola, Kehinde Olayinka
    Subject and purpose of work: This study assessed child poverty in rural border communities of Nigeria. Materials and methods: Primary data were used: children (5–16 years old) were respondents of the questionnaire. Results: The study participants were 58% male and 42% female. Also, many of the children were in the age bracket of 11–15 years and more than half (53.9%) of them had no formal education and were engaged in farming. Most of the children (72.4%) earned between NGN 3,000 and NGN 10,000 as their monthly income. The results further revealed that in the three local government areas, the girls had experienced severe poverty more than the boys. The study also found that the children were severely deprived of safe drinking water, health care facilities, education and a sanitary environment – especially because there were no toilet facilities in these areas. Conclusions: The study reveals the need for clean portable water, basic health care and well-equipped primary and secondary schools to be provided.
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    The evolution of China’s economic engagement in Central and Eastern Europe / Ewolucja zaangażowania gospodarczego Chin w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej
    (Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2022-03-31) Bharti, Mukesh Shankar
    Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this study is to assess the economic partnership between China and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It evaluates the economic policy since the cooperation in the region began, as the 17+1 process. The study evaluates the success and failure of China’s economic engagement in the 17 CEE countries and the Balkan region. This article explores how the relationship was made stronger in CEE countries for economic development. It looks at diplomatic ties, trade knot and economic initiatives, and it examines China’s relations with other CEE countries. The article aims to examine the geographical distribution of China’s economic influence on the CEE countries. Materials and methods: Content analysis is widely used as a comparative technique by the press, media, think tanks and communication. There are official statistics from a wide range of institutions (The China Observers in Central and Eastern Europe (CHOICE), the IMF, the OECD, the European Commission, the European Union, Statistics CEE countries and the European External Action Service). Results: The latest result indicates that Chinese economic policy is not achieving more success than the expected objectives in CEE countries. Conclusions: China’s economic impact on CEE countries is relatively small. Central and Eastern European countries are highly dependent on trade and investment relations with developed states, mainly EU members, while China accounts for a minor share.
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    Crisis aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the social sphere and secondarily in economic one / Kryzysowe aspekty pandemii COVID-19 w sferze społecznej i wtórnie – w gospodarczej
    (Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2022-03-31) Wójcicki, Włodzimierz
    Subject and purpose of work: The study focuses on the social and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic globally and regionally, particularly in Poland. Materials and methods: Based on the literature, the historic origins of various pandemics have been presented as evidence for their cyclicity. Results: An analysis of current COVID-19 reports serves to verify the hypothesis that the economic outcomes are secondary to the social outcomes, which generally distinguishes the current crisis from other known economic and financial crises of the market origin. The recovery from the economic crisis leads to the strengthening of the private sector, but the public sector, especially health care and education, is of particular significance in the pandemic crisis. Conclusions: The need to develop instruments of fighting the crisis has been indicated, with special emphasis on logistics. The pandemic may solidify many years of cultural, social and economic changes, so far rather modestly foreshadowed by various signs.
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    Farmers perception on causes and consequences of their indebtedness in Haryana State, India / Postrzeganie przyczyn i konsekwencji zadłużenia przez rolników w stanie Hariana w Indiach
    (Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2022-03-31) Jakhar, Babloo ; Kait, Rohtas ; Kumar, Vijay
    Subject and purpose of work: The study aims to highlight the perception of farmers regarding the causes and consequences of their indebtedness. Materials and methods: The study was based on primary data collected (by field survey) from a sample of 600 farmers. With regards to the selection of farmers or respondents, the proportionate sampling technique was employed. Percentage technique was used for data analysis. The data were collected in the first quarter of 2021. Results: It was found that 95.67% of the farmers (out of 600) reported low prices for agricultural output as being the main cause of their indebtedness, followed by crop failure (89.00%), the high cost of inputs (85.00%), high interest rates (61.17%) and small landholdings (58.83%). In addition, consequences reported by loanee farmers were deterioration in their social status (67.83%) and psychological stress (57.67%). However, positive changes experienced by farmers after repaying a loan were less than the negative experiences. Conclusions: The main causes of farmers’ indebtedness were crop failure and the high cost of inputs compared to the price of their produce. Due to their indebtedness, their economic and social status deteriorated and they experienced the feeling of insecurity.