2023, Volume 16, Issue 2

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/1360

Przeglądaj

Przeglądanie 2023, Volume 16, Issue 2 według Tytuł

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    Analysis of women’s economic engagement in the agricultural economy and factor affecting it: a case study of fatehabad district of Haryana state / Analiza zaangażowania ekonomicznego kobiet w gospodarce rolnej i czynników na nie wpływających: studium przypadku dystryktu fatehabad w stanie Hariana
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Kaliravna, Varsha Rani ; Godrara, Abhey Singh
    Subject and purpose of work: The study analysed women’s contribution to agricultural activities in small, medium and large farm sizes and also examined the socio-economic factors that affect women’s participation in the agricultural sector. Materials and methods: The study is entirely based on primary data collected from a field survey with the help of a pre-structured questionnaire. A simple tabulated method and multiple regression method has been employed to make conclusions. Results: The study has revealed that the participation of women in the agricultural sector is the highest in the small and medium farm size and selected socio-economic variables explain the 85.4% association with women’s participation in the selected area. Conclusions: The study concluded that employment-wise participation of the respondent’s decreases with the increase in farm size and the relationship between women’s participation and farm size, family income and education is statistically significant.
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    Ex-ante analysis of macro-regional development in the Visegrad countries, with special emphasis on some turbulent periods / Analiza ex-ante rozwoju makroregionalnego w krajach Grupy Wyszehradzkiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wybranych okresów gwałtownych zmian
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Kocziszky, György ; Szendi, Dóra
    Subject and purpose of work: Monitoring the development of a given region and forecasting its potential changes is an evergreen topic in regional economic analysis. The aim of the current work is to analyse the development path of four Central-Eastern-European countries and create short term forecast for their development. Materials and methods: The authors discuss and test an autoregressive model for short-run, ex-ante assessment of spatial development using data from four CEE countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary). Results: The research shows that the initial (1995-2021) development trajectories of the countries were still determined by the shocks of the transition period that started after 1990. The analysis shows that further development is essentially determined by inflationary pressures and changes in fiscal and monetary conditions. Conclusions: The analysis shows that after a recovery period of 1.5-2 years, the countries could be back on the path of development from 2024 but starting from a lower level and at a more modest pace.
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    Growth and trends of agriculture: food grain production and area in India / Wzrost i trendy w rolnictwie: produkcja i powierzchnia upraw zbóż spożywczych w Indiach
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Rani, Mamta
    Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this study is to determine the area and production status of food grains in India. Materials and methods: The current study was conducted using secondary data that was gathered from numerous sources, including the Statistical Abstract of Haryana, and the Economic Survey. Between 1991-1992 and 2021-2022, the area and production of food grains have seen a compound growth rate. Results: The results show a fluctuating trend in area and production during the years 1991-92 to 2021-22. For the study period, the mean average of the production and area of food grains was estimated. Conclusions: Agriculture is still as ignificant sector for the economy from the perspectives of self-sufficiency and employment, despite the sector’s diminishing GDP proportion over time. The trajectory and expansion of Gross Value Added (GVA), investments in agriculture, and food grain crops were all examined in this article.
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    Loan utilisation and repayment behaviour: evidence from farmers of Haryana / Zachowania w zakresie wykorzystania i spłaty pożyczek: na przykładzie rolników ze stanu Hariana
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Jakhar, Babloo ; Kait, Rohtas ; Kumar, Vijay
    Subject and purpose of work: The present paper assesses the loan utilisation and repayment behaviour of loanee or indebted farmers in Haryana, India. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Haryana state. The study is based on primary data that have been collected through schedules from a sample of 600 indebted farmers. Proportionate sampling was employed. Further, a percentage is used for data analysis. Results: The study found that about half of the loan amount was utilised by farmers in nonproductive activities that directly stimulate the debt burden on them, because this type of expenditure did not contribute to the earnings of farmers. Further, around two-fifth of the farmers were regularly repaying their loans, one fifth were defaulters and remaining two-fifth were paying their loan irregularly. Overall, Farmers’ repayment behaviour is not satisfactory. Conclusions: The non-productive usage of the loan amount is one of the main causes of their indebtedness. Reducing such expenditure is one of the main challenges for farmers without generating other sources of income.
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    Measuring the social, economic, and environmental resilience – a case study of the Hungarian cities / Mierzenie odporności społecznej, gospodarczej i środowiskowej – studium przypadku węgierskich miast
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Nagy, Zoltán ; Szép, Tekla
    Subject and purpose of the work: The COVID-19 and 2021-2022 energy crises shed new light on urban resilience. Cities face many more challenges and external shocks. This study aims to measure urban resilience. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a composite indicator was developed, composed of three (social, economic and environmental) resilience components called the Complex Resilience Index. It is applied to study Hungarian settlements in selected years (2000, 2006, 2012, 2018). Based on the results further analysis was conducted. The spatial structure of urban resilience is studied in two ways. First, the spatial differences between cities in the four selected years was examined using the relative range index, which is the difference between the highest and lowest city values relative to the average. Second, spatial patterns were mapped using one of the most commonly used indicators of spatial autocorrelation, the so-called Local Moran I indicator. The next step is to create five clusters to highlight the differences between groups in terms of population and per capita income in the selected years and to analyse the role of resilience in changing these indicators. Results: The identification of these groups provides important information for spatial planning and policy. Hungarian settlements were also ranked based on the Complex Resilience Index. The results show that urban resilience can be measured with a composite indicator (Complex Resilience Index) and that the social, economic and environmental resilience components provide further insights. In the Hungarian urban network, the most resilient elements are Budapest, some regional centres, some county capitals, the metropolitan area of Budapest, and the most developed small and medium-sized cities in the Transdanubian region. Conclusions: The difference in the Complex Resilience Index between cities increases over time, and as a result, the Local Moran I clusters become narrower. The rate of change in the specific income and its relative spread has the opposite sign to resilience. As resilience increases, the average change in income and its relative spread decreases, and as a result of that, stability increases.
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    Methodologies for measuring mobility in COVID-19 research / Metodologia pomiaru mobilności w badaniach nad COVID-19
    (Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-30) Zsigó, Zsanett
    Subject and purpose of the work: The subject of this paper is the mobility research in Europe focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aim is to give a comparative overview on the used methods and datasets of the literature and identify research gaps. Materials and methods: The method is based on the methodological literature review method. The source of the reviewed literature is the EBSCO online database. Results: The literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show the levels of research are city, national and complex levels. Most research is based on secondary data. Spatial indicators are relevant at a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space. Conclusions: The existing literature based on the analysed territorial level can be classified. Results show there are 3 levels of research; city, national and complex levels, and most research is based on secondary data, primary data collection is relevant only on a city level. Spatial indicators are common on a national level. Research gaps have been found in terms of time and space.
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    Regional differences in the management and financial performance of hospitals in Hungary / Regionalne różnice w zarządzaniu i wynikach finansowych szpitali na Węgrzech
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29)
    Subject and purpose of work: The NUTS2 regions of Hungary show great differences in economic and social terms. For example, in the Budapest region, GDP per capita is around 150% of the EU27 average, while in half of the NUTS2 regions GDP per capita is below 50% of the EU27 average. Can these regional differences be observed in the management and operation of hospitals in Hungary? Materials and methods: The balance sheets and income statements of the hospitals were collected from the CREFOPORT database and the missing financial statements were requested directly from the hospitals. The capacity and performance data used in addition to the financial data were taken from the annual statements available on the NEAK website. The data were collected in December 2021 and the beginning of 2022. Specific indicators were constructed from the financial and performance data. The relationships between indicators and regions were first tested by analysis of variance using the ANOVA menu in SPSS. This was followed by a Bonferroni test. Results: For wealth indicators and profitability data, the closeness of the relationship is medium for most indicators, but no significant difference was found for any region using post-hoc tests except for one indicator. The indicator ETA shows a weak to medium strength relationship between liquidity indicators and NUTS2 classification, but with Bonferroni post-hoc tests no significant difference between regions except for one relationship (2016, Budapest-Pest). The same can be said when examining occupational indicators. Conclusions: There are two- to threefold differences between the minimum and maximum values of GDP per capita and the average income of the regions. However, public hospitals in regions with different levels of development do not show significant differences from a financial and professional point of view. Thus, hospitals with different financial and professional situations are not associated with regions of different development.
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    Resilience mechanisms of the European trade network during the pandemic / Mechanizmy odporności Europejskiej sieci handlowej w czasie pandemii
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Manafi, Ioana ; Huru, Dragos ; Dobre, Florin ; Capbun, Andreea Gabriela ; Roman, Mihai Daniel
    Subject and purpose of work: The economic crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic was fundamentally different from those of the past, with unforeseen implication on supply chains and European trade. As the literature regarding the pandemic is vast bibliometric techniques were used to find the most influential themes and authors. The aim of this paper is to test if cascading failure is possible when shocks arise in European trade. Materials and methods: To characterise the European commerce, network analysis was employed using Eurostat data of imports and exports in the following years: 2018, 2019 and 2020. Trade value indices were also used to characterised European trade during the pandemic and Enterprise Survey run by World Bank for in-depth, cross economies comparisons. Results: The results from the network analysis characterise the compactness of the network, showing that the European trade network is characterised by robustness. Conclusions: Cascading failure has a low probability of occurrence.
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    The revival of regional cooperation in central Asia in the perspective of Hungary's eastern opening policy / Ożywienie współpracy regionalnej w Azji środkowej w perspektywie Węgierskiej polityki otwarcia na wschód
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Barkanyi, Peter ; Laszloasa, Vasa
    Subject and purpose of the work: This study explores the specifics of strengthening Central Asian regional cooperation and its potential opportunities according to Hungary’s Eastern Opening Policy. Materials and methods: A two-pronged approach was used to conduct this study, which included a comprehensive literature review of relevant academic publications on regional cooperation, as well as an examination of cooperation projects to identify specific characteristics. Results are explicated using descriptive methodology for the analysis. Results: Central Asian regional integration differs from the traditional model, emphasising the importance of historical factors and the strengthening of Turkish ethnic identity as a foundation for unification efforts. Conclusions: Foreign economic engagement in Central Asia requires a continuous and assertive presence, along with the development of mutual trust due to the region’s unique historical, cultural and geopolitical context. These tendencies and intentions have been recognised by Hungarian foreign strategy - in line with the Eastern Opening Policy - with good sense and at a good pace.
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    The role of social cooperatives in Hungary over the past ten years – from a regional labour market perspective / Rola spółdzielni socjalnych na Węgrzech w ostatniej dekadzie z perspektywy regionalnego rynku pracy
    (Akademia Bialska im. Jana Pawła II, 2023-06-29) Dániel, Zoltán András ; Molnár, Tamás ; Porkoláb, Patrícia Fanni
    Subject and purpose of the work: The aim of the research is to show how the effectiveness and regional labour market impact of social cooperatives in Hungary has evolved over the past 10 years. Materials and methods: The research database is based on a database of domestic enterprises. It includes data on the assets and income of social cooperatives for the past 10 years. Results: It analyses the evolution of the number of social cooperatives in space and time, in parallel with a legal and support environment. Focusing on a ten-year time horizon, it has examined the areas where the evolution of the number and activity of social cooperatives has had a greater impact on the labour market situation. Conclusions: It has shown that changes in the legal environment have significantly increased the number of social cooperatives. It has shown that, despite the increase in numbers, the cooperatives studied have survived in large numbers. It has shown a positive contribution to employment.