2018, Volume 11, Issue 4

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13044/475

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Przeglądanie 2018, Volume 11, Issue 4 według Data wydania

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  • Rekord
    The change in the economic use of the river valley area of the Krzna as a result of riverbed regulation / Zmiana gospodarczego użytkowania terenu w Dolinie Krzny na tle regulacji jej koryta
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Zbucki, Łukasz ; Bujalski, Tomasz
    Subject and purpose of work: This article identifies changes in the economic use of the river valley area of the Krzna, which occurred as a consequence of the regulation of its bed from the Klukówka estuary to the estuary of the Krzna to the Bug. Materials and methods: The analysis was carried out on the basis of cartographic maps and aerial photographs, as well as statistical analyses for the period 1931-2015. Results: The study confirmed the changes in the economic use of the valley of the Krzna River for the agricultural exploitation of the area and increasing crop yields. The biggest changes encompassed wetlands and swamps, mainly in favour of grasslands, whose area increased by 566%, to 2475.7 ha. Conclusions: The regulatory work carried out resulted in an increase in arable land, forests and areas for development, as well as in the reduction of water surface area from 251.94 ha in 1931 to 57.28 ha in 2015.
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    Country branding: what branding? Relevant terminologies and their possible interpretations in the case of countries / Budowanie marki narodowej: czyli jakiej? Istotne terminologie oraz ich możliwe interpretacje w przypadku krajów
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Papp-Váry, Árpád Ferenc
    Subject and purpose of work: The study systematizes concepts and terms related to country branding such as nation branding, state branding, place branding, destination branding, location branding, territory branding, and region branding as well as exploring the similarities and differences among these expressions. Materials and methods: First of all, the study reviews relevant literature. In this context it also analyzes the most relevant country case study articles with titles that may include country branding or related terms in many forms. Results: At the end of the study, a summary table systematizing the terminology of the topic is included, which is a novel approach to the subject. The practical significance of the study becomes clear if organizations involved in the development of country brands consider the abovementioned theoretical framework while developing their own strategies. Conclusions: As a result of the systematization, country branding will be more consciously used in the subchapters of strategic materials discussing how to increase country competitiveness.
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    Protoeconomics - elements of economics in antiquity / Protoekonomia – elementy ekonomii w starożytności
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Wójcicki, Włodzimierz
    Subject and purpose of work: The work presents the emergence and shaping of basic economic issues since the dawn of human economic activity. Contemporary views on important economic issues have their roots in antiquity. The shaping of concepts such as money, interest, contract, credit as a part of the law, began a long time ago and exerted an influence on the way they are understood today. Materials and methods: The basis for the considerations is the study of literature on the history of the development of economics and the science of management in economic, philosophical and ethical aspects. The work has shown the non-linear nature of the development of new phenomena emerging in volatile political, technical, religious and moral conditions, which are largely spontaneous, and a reciprocal overlap of various fields of knowledge in a general and individual sense. Particular discoverers were found to present a wide spectrum of interests. Results: Historically, the development of economic knowledge began with the issues from the border of economics and management, from microeconomics (household) to macroeconomics (money); little information concerns large undertakings such as irrigation systems, pyramids or waging wars. Conclusions: Generally speaking - monarchs’ edicts came before the deliberations of thinkers, concrete reasoning came before abstract considerations.
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    Types of risk in banking operations - categorization and definitions / Rodzaje ryzyka w działalności bankowej – kategoryzacja i definicje
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Adamowicz, Tomasz
    Subject and purpose of work: The article deals with the issue of risk mainly in banking activity. Different definitions of risk were reviewed as tools for risk management in banks and for regulatory activities by institutions. Materials and methods: The research material was taken from the subject literature and official documents of financial market institutions - international organizations, as well as foreign and domestic financial institutions. They were mainly legal acts, standards and guidelines/ recommendations. Particular attention was paid to documents published by banking supervision authorities. Results: As a result of the study, the multiplicity of concepts and approaches were found to define and identify banking risks as the categorizations presented by regulators seemed to be a standard to apply in risk management practices. Conclusions: Among the risk categorization used by banks, the leading ones have been presented by supervisory authorities. Defining the types of risk in operations should be the first stage of the internal risk management process which is necessary for banks’ survival. Ensuring high quality of the implementation of the first stage determines the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire process. The decisive requirements set by European and national regulators with regard to banks’ application of risk categorization as part of the risk management system contributed to mitigating the phenomena related to the global financial crisis among banks in Europe.
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    Opportunities and barriers for smart rural development in Poland in the light of field studies / Możliwości i bariery inteligentnego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich w Polsce w świetle badań terenowych
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Dudek, Michał
    Subject and purpose of work: The paper focuses on identifying and assessing selected conditions and limitations of smart rural development in Poland. The concepts of smart development pointed out in the literature were used to analyse the results of field studies carried out in 2011 and 2016 in ten purposefully selected villages located in various regions of the country. Materials and methods: The conclusions were drawn on the basis of empirical material which took a form of quantitative data and qualitative information gathered from the interviews with village mayors (sołtys) and observations of the interviewers. For the purpose of the paper the statistical methods were used and the analysis of the content of responses was performed. Results and conclusions: The results of the surveys indicated a presence of both the potential of smart development in the surveyed villages and the barriers to it. The important determinants to activate local economic progress based on knowledge, education and new technologies were connected mainly with a convenient location and the environmental and cultural resources available. As for an insufficient level of valorisation of the aforementioned elements, it proved to be an obstacle to this process, which was largely due to the limited accumulation of human and social capital.
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    Challenges of urban transport in the face of studentification – a case study of Toruń / Wyzwania transportu miejskiego wobec studentyfikacji – przykład Torunia
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Wylon, Mirosław ; Kempa, Agnieszka ; Słowy, Alicja ; Chodkowska-Miszczuk, Justyna
    Subject and purpose of work: Urban transport is a key element of the functioning of urban agglomerations around the world. As it is of strategic importance, the needs of its users have to be diagnosed. Due to the fact that students are the most numerous social group using public transport, particular attention should be paid to students as the real creators of the needs of urban transport. The paper aims to diagnose the challenges in urban transport shaped by the process of studentification based on the case study of Toruń. Materials and methods: The multi-stage research approach was adopted, among others a survey among students. The choice of the research area was determined by the fact that Toruń is one of the largest academic centres in Poland. Results: Toruń is experiencing the effects of the studentification process in different dimensions, including the spatial and transport facets. Conclusions: The majority of students use public transport, daily or several times a week. The most preferred means of transport is the tram owing to its relative speed and punctuality.
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    The specific nature of agricultural production in the vicinity of the Czarnorzecko-Strzyżowski Landscape Park / Specyfika produkcji rolniczej na terenach Czarnorzecko-Strzyżowskiego Parku Krajobrazowego
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Pisarek, Marta ; Lechowska, Jadwiga ; Czerniakowski, Zbigniew W. ; Topczewska, Jadwiga
    Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study was to evaluate activities of farms located in the Czarnorzecko-Strzyżowski Landscape Park according to the principles of sustainable development. Materials and methods: Survey research was carried out in the Korczyna commune among randomly selected farm owners at the turn of 2014 and 2015. Results and conclusion: Agricultural production is rather versatile and unspecialized in most of the farm-holdings covered by the study in Korczyna Local Government Area (LGA). Cereals dominate the cropping system, while animal husbandry is predominantly by using the Simmental cattle breed. The farmers are aware that they farm in specific conditions, where sustainable land use is crucial for protecting biodiversity and preserving cultural heritage, thus permitting inhabitants to live in an uncontaminated environment. The Korczyna Local Government Area enjoys favourable conditions for the running of ecological farms, but with farmers visibly lacking in motivation as they consider such farming system as unprofitable, besides requiring lots of time and work.
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    An incubator of local processing as a business opportunity for regional development in Poland / Inkubator przetwórstwa lokalnego jako biznesowa szansa rozwoju regionalnego w Polsce
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Wasilewska, Ewelina Kasandra
    Subject and purpose of work: In recent years, kitchen incubators have captured increasingly larger and more sophisticated titles in the local and national press. Organised local producers have been applying for funds to build such facilities. This article aims to introduce the notion of a kitchen incubator, its functioning, as well as present its role in the local development in the food production industry. Materials and methods: The available Polish and foreign literature on the subject in question was studied. The current study was based on the analysis and observation of the kitchen incubators which are already in operation. Results: The investigations conducted have demonstrated that kitchen incubators constitute a very important element in the development of the local economy. Conclusions: The operation of kitchen incubators should be monitored so as to enhance their development.
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    Marketing quality of texts posted on the websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland / Jakość marketingowa tekstów zamieszczonych na stronach internetowych obiektów turystyki wiejskiej w Polsce
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Król, Karol
    Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the research were texts published on the websites of rural tourism facilities in Poland, and the purpose of the work was to assess their marketing quality. Materials and methods: The evaluation of the marketing quality of the texts was carried out using the web application Audyt Hekko (Blink) on a collection of 842 websites of rural tourism facilities. Results: Texts with a low (poor) marketing utility (as assessed by the testing algorithm) were found on 362 websites, which constituted approximately 44% of the set. Approximately 46.5% of the websites contained texts whose marketing utility was sufficient. Texts posted on 10% of the analysed websites were rated as useful for marketing. Conclusions: The semantic evaluation of the texts published on most rural tourism facilities websites has shown that they have been written in the language of benefits, with the use of phrases that may arouse interest and curiosity. At the same time, however, they required optimization and a greater marketing orientation.
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    Corporate social responsibility of business in the natural and urban areas of the Lublin Province / Społeczna odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw w działalności gospodarczej na terenach cennych przyrodniczo i zurbanizowanych województwa lubelskiego
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Mazurek-Kusiak, Anna
    Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study was to compare the behavior of companies located in the areas of nature value and in their proximity with companies located in urbanized areas in the Lublin Region in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Materials and methods: The study was conducted by means of the diagnostic survey method, using direct interviews. Results and conclusions: Companies located in valuable natural or close to natural areas tend to undertake ecological and environmental investments (27.68%), care for the common good (54.46%), and treat employees well (54.46%) as compared with the companies located in urban areas (10.72%, 25.89% and 25.89%, respectively). Sensitivity to nature is primarily the result of the company’s direct contact with nature, the recognition of the importance of protecting it, as well as of good treatment of employees, that is it results mainly from the combination of business and personal relationships with employees. Firms located in urban areas are much more likely to support charitable donations (22.33%), which is a result of higher returns by these companies and more frequent requests for financial assistance. Further research in this regard should concern factors that make the entrepreneurs more willing to implement CSRs in their companies.
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    Ecological awareness in the behaviour of young consumers - students of the Faculty of Economic and Technical Sciences of Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska / Świadomość ekologiczna w zachowaniach młodych konsumentów – studentów WNET Państwowej Szkoły Wyższej im. Papieża JPII w Białej Podlaskiej
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Łęska, Monika ; Kuś, Agnieszka
    Subject and purpose of work: The reason for choosing the subject and undertaking the studies were information gaps regarding the behaviour of young consumers in the area of activities related to enviroment. Materials and methods: The study employed purposeful sampling with regards to the participants’ field of study (programmes with environmental education content) and the year of education, as well as stratified sampling according to the structure of the population and its division into groups based on specified features. The technique of auditorium questionnaire was used. Results: The analysis showed that the students are characterised by a high level of ecological awareness and a sense of responsibility for it, and that is they are informed and pragmatic consumers. As involved and ecological consumers, they behave in a pro-ecological way and create desirable patterns of consumer behaviour. Conclusions: It was found that the students have a sense of responsibility for the surrounding environment. Convinced about their individual influence, they create desirable patterns of proecological behaviour.
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    Identifying cocoa marketing system (Theobroma Cacao L.) at Utcubamba and Bagua provinces in the region of Amazonas-Peru / Określenie systemu marketingowego kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) w prowincjach Utcubamba i Bagua w regionie Amazonas-Peru
    (Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa im. Papieża Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej, 2018-12) Castañeda Chávez, Vincent M. ; Huayama Sopla, Polito M. ; Rituay Trujillo, Pablo A.
    Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study was to identify the marketing system of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) traditionally used by producers in the provinces of Utcubamba and Bagua in the Amazonas region in Peru. Materials and methods: The study was conducted by means of the diagnostic survey method, using direct interviews with a specified population that consisted of 90 producers out of a total of 1239 affiliates grouped in 3 agricultural organizations. The study was developed in 2017. Results: The cocoa marketing system in the Amazonas region is related to the traditionally used forms and methods of production as well as to the agents involved in it. Conclusions: The cocoa marketing system identified in the provinces under study is a free market governed by laws of supply and demand with the sale of the product to intermediaries mainly in its fresh state and as raw material.